Microeconomics: Corn Market Problems

Corn Market Problems Since April there have been some major issues with the production in the Corn Belt of America. The central and west areas of the Corn Belt are relatively unaffected, but the north and east areas have seen some major decreases in corn output due to underweight corn and corn diseases. North Dakota, Indiana, Illinois and parts of Iowa have seen the most damage, mainly because of molds and mycotoxins. Many fear that this shortage of corn will affect the grain trade and the economy as a whole since many of the corn is too damaged to be used for feed or energy.Some farmers have experimented with mixing good quality corn with the underweight corn in order to meet the national standard for corn weight, so this may help a little. With a shortage like this, on a product that has so many purposes, it would be hard to find a substitute; therefore we can expect the demand of corn to rise. A rise in demand will also lead to a rise in price and a rise in quantity demanded. Farm ers will strive for maximum efficiency and cut corners to yield as much corn as possible, but the supply still will not be enough.The shortage of corn will cause the supply curve to move to the left. This means that price will increase, but the quantity supplied is going to be limited. Hopefully there can be enough corn in other areas to pick up after the north and east ends of the corn belt. The market-equilibrium price will be affected as well. Since there is an obvious shortage and corn suppliers are unable to produce as much corn as normal, the rise in demand and decrease in supply will inevitabley lead to an increase in market price.

Phonological Development in Children Essay

Phonology is study of the sound system of the language and the rules for their combination. There are about 200 sounds used in languages throughout the world. As we all know, sound is the beginning of language learning. In learning to talk, children must acquire knowledge of the phonological forms of words and phrases of their native language and must learn the articulatory and phonatory movements needed to produce these words and phrases in an adult-like manner. Children learn their phonological system of native language even since as young infant. They first year of an infant’s life which is before they can utter their first word are known as prelinguistic stage. Children do not utter their first word until they are about one year old. At one month, they show categorical perception of speech. A perceptual ability is ability to segment one sentence into individual word units. This ability usually leads to production and thus helps in the development of speech production. Even though children do not produce their first word until they approximately 12 month years old, the ability to produce speech sound start to develop at a much younger age. After the mother giving birth, the young infant will produce undifferentiated birth cry. Within 0 to 6 weeks, the infant can produce reflexive sound which are glottal catch and vowels such as ah, eh, and uh. Plus the infant also can produce some variety non-crying sound. They also produce differentiated cry which that true vocal communication begins. In the range 6 to 16 weeks, infant start to produce cooing sound when they are happy. Moreover, they begin to produce single syllables and blowing bubbles. At 4 month, infant still prefer infant-directed compare to adult-director speech. Plus by 4 month, infant have learned which feature they have to pay attention to at the suprasegmental level such as intonation and stress. At 5 months old, infant prefer to hear their own name to similar sounding word. On the other hand, by 6 month old, they expose more to their native language and start to learn not to pay attention to sound that are not meaningful in their native language. The production of vowel sound in the first 2 month lead to the production of consonants. First back consonants ([g], [k]) are being produce around 2 to 3 months and front consonants ([m], [n], [p]) is being able to produce by infant at about 6 months old. In the range 3 to 6 month, babbling begins influence by their native language. In addition, they babbling show pitch and inflection change. They start to produce double syllables-VCV such as aga. Children are also able to puts lips together and say â€Å"m† and nasal tone is heard. Not only that, they also begin to vocalize their pleasure and displeasure. Infants in this range will stop vocalizing when adults enters and have self-initiated vocal play. They are also cooing, chuckling, gurgling and laughing. At 7 months, they able to segment word from speech that shows a strong-weak stress pattern, which is the most common stress pattern in the English language. The process that allows infant to use prosodic cues in speech input to learn about language structure is known as ‘prosodic bootstrapping’ . While children at 8 months old generally do not understand the meaning of the most single word yet, they still able to understand the meaning of certain phrases they hear a lot. By 9 months old, infant can differentiate native from nonnative language. Children uses [m], [n],[t],[d],[b],[p] and [y] in babbling multiple syllables by 6 to 9 months old. They babbling tunefully or singing tones and uses several of sound combination. They also begin to have inflected vocal play and intonation patterns heard. Infant also copy intonation and speech sound from the adult in their own repertoire. Reduplicative babbling begins for example bababa. From 9 to 12 months, children vocalize during play and also begin to vocalize in front of mirror. They are able to jabber loudly with wide variety of sounds and intonations. Infant combine different vowel and consonant into syllable string in vocal play and at this stage phonetic drift begins. Infant also acquire variegated babbling and combines different syllables in vocal play. At this stage, children normally have not yet begun to speak and thus have no production vocabulary but in the range 10 to 11 months old, children’s comprehension vocabulary size is about 11 to 154 words . During this transitional period from babbling to the utterance of the first word, children also produce â€Å"protowords†. Protowords is invented words that are used consistently to express specific meanings. In the range 1 year old to 1  ½ years old, infants usually use jargon to communicate. We can also hear some repetition of words or echolalia. They are uses most vowels and consonants and some initial consonant. Basically, their utterances unintelligible with exception of a few words. Intelligibility refers to the proportion of the speaker’s output that listeners can easily understand. They commonly leave out final consonant and some initial consonant. By the range of this age, they start to produce word in VC structure such as bo/boat and able to imitates some word accurately. By 14 months old, children usually produce their first word. First word is simple structure and contains the same sounds that were use in late babbling. At 16 months children comprehension vocabulary size ranges from about 92 to 321 words. At this age, children’s production vocabulary size at this age is typically around 50 words. Children’s production becomes more consistent around the a ge of 18 months. Within 1  ½ to 2 years old, children’s words increasing in frequency and jargon almost gone by 2 years old. Commonly, they will ask questions by raising intonation at end of phrase. Plus, children show improvement in intelligibility. Approximately 65% intelligible by 2 years. In addition, word produced with CVC structure such as big appear at this range of age. Intelligibility improve when they at 2 to 2  ½ years old from 65% to 70%. Plus, they may skip over final consonant, reduce consonant blend and substitute one consonant for another. The size of the vocabulary production is about 50 to 550 words. Children also seem to build up their vocabulary faster if the speech they hear is related to their focus of attention more often. At 2  ½ to 3 years old, children still do some substitution and alteration of consonants. They continue to improve their intelligibility to approximately 80%. By this age they can mastered consonants; [p], [m], [n], [w], [h]. Children at 3 to 3  ½ years use final consonants most of time. At this age, Final-Consonant Deletion process, consonant assimilation, diminutization, doubling, prevocalic voicing, reduplication unstressed syllable deletion and velar fronting should be gone. Children become very intelligible in connected speech by age 3  ½ years to 4 years old. They had mastered consonants;[b], [d], [j], [g], [f], [y]. Plus, phonological process continues which are cluster reduction, deplatalization, epenthesis, final devoicing, gliding, stopping and vocalization. In 4 to 4  ½ years, should be few error and substitutions of consonant in children utterances. They become more intelligible especially in connected speech. At the range 4  ½ years to 5 years old, children use most consonant sounds consistently and accurately. Even though, more errors present in difficult blends. At 5 to 6 years old, children mastered consonants such as t, ing, r, l. Follow by 6 to 7 years old, they begin to mastered consonant such as voiceless th, sh, ch, j. Hence, young children have remarkable ability to learn meanings for the words they extract from the speech they are exposed to. Acquisition of the language is strongly relate with environment. The phonological development should be know by parents to detect any phonological disorder on their child.

Separation Management in GlaxoSmithkline Case Study

Separation Management in GlaxoSmithkline - Case Study Example It is the only pharmaceutical company researching both medicine and vaccines for the WHO's three priority disease HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis & Malaria. As a company with strong foundations in science developed many drugs and spends heavily on R&D. GSK produces medicines that treat 6 major disease areas-Asthma, Virus control, infection, Mental Health, diabetes and digestive conditions. With the merger of top two British companies Glaxo & Smithkline in 1998, GSK increasing leaning's to the US in style and markets due to large US pharmaceutical markets. This merger and restructuring results in almost, 15,000 jobs loss of global workforce. Almost 300 Sr. Managers has been made redundant. Spencer Stuart, an international recruitment consultancy, was brought into look into areas of potential overlap between business units rather than the universe of managers at the new corporation, and would leave the vital R&D and marketing teams intact. By bringing in a recruitment consultancy to carry out a management audit, to executives once again expected to develop a level playing field so that few key individuals were lured away. This fear was further supported by anecdotal evidence, which suggested that the most valuable executives were likely to jump ship to competitors before the merger process was over. It has been evident that a well-planned separation management has been the part of GSK since its inception. GSK has spread over 116 countries but its policies and management of people/employees has always been based on the value of stringing for a balanced workforce and is committed to the principles of equal opportunity, equality of treatment, and creating a dynamic climate where diversity is valued as a source of enrichment and opportunity. All phases of employment relationship-including recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, compensation, benefits, transfers, separation and leaves of absence- will be carried out by mangers without regard to race, color religion, gender, age, sexual orientation ethnic or national origin, disability or (in US) status as a disabled veteran or veteran of war exist. GSK workplace environment force every employee to treat one another with equal respect and dignity, comply will all relevant employment laws and regulations in the various countries in which it do business and encourage employees to report immediately to m anagement or HR any incidences that are in consistent with their policies so that the GSK could be able to take corrective measures including separation from employment. GSK treat their employees with respect and dignity, encourage diversity and ensure fair treatment through all phases of employment. GSK provide safe and healthy environment, which support employees to perform to their full potential. GSK is committed to conducting its business with honesty and integrity and with ethical behavior and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As we know GSK operations has been spread across 116 countries and each have its own employment laws to follow, GSK has established a corporate ethics and compliance department to look into every aspect of employee business conduct and serious violation of code results in separation from services. GSK employees have the responsibilities to comply with local legal requirements as well as GSK Policies &

The Public Campaign No More Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Public Campaign No More - Case Study Example As the paper outlines, started in 2013, the NO MORE campaign started in recognition of the fact that although millions of people face domestic and sexual assault every day, little is done to create awareness about the issue. It remains hidden and is less of a concern to the public. A group of people from the domestic and sexual assault prevention came together and realized that when people unite and fight the problem, it could create more public awareness on the issue. The campaign’s blue â€Å"vanishing point† symbol originated from a phenomenon of zero domestic violence and sexual assault inspired by Christine Mau, a survivor of such assault. Organizations fighting against domestic and sexual assault had to come together and partner with the NO MORE to organize and make the campaign possible. The NO MORE PSA Campaign is headed by the Joyful Heart Foundation partnering with NO MORE and is directed by actress, Mariska Hargitay. The face of the campaign is a team of more than 50 celebrities and public heads who are at the forefront in creating awareness and asking the public not to standby, but engage in the campaign. Participants of the campaign mainly comprise of celebrities and other organizations that are at the forefront of fighting domestic violence and sexual assault on people. Other non-profit organizations that are dedicated to ending domestic violence and sexual assault also have active participation in the NO MORE campaign. The NO MORE PSA campaign is a three-year public awareness campaign that is set to create public awareness in the importance of reducing domestic and sexual assault among families. The campaign is set to go across the US and other international markets. Among the tools to be used in creating the awareness include print, outdoor, online and other forms of broadcast advertising. The awareness will be made public in train stations, airports, and medical facilities.  

Interesting Topic on Decision making Research Paper

Interesting Topic on Decision making - Research Paper Example Critical decision making on critical issues that affect the performance of the whole organization is normally coordinated and made by the top leadership of the organization. Organizations that make weak or poor decisions show the kind of bad leadership they have. This always reflect negatively on the organization. On the other hand, organizations that make strong or good decisions normally show the competency of their leadership and that impacts positively on the organizational performance. Decision making can follow the bottom-up system. This way, the decision is made by the line management and it is applied to the top management of an organization. Similarly, decision making can come from the top management down the management ladder. There are also situations where decision making is centric as well as when it is horizontal which involves making decision on the same level of management. Organizations need to concentrate on decisions that are in line with its strategic mission and vision statements. Such decisions ones made, should be implemented in order for their effectiveness to be felt in the organization. This paper is therefore aimed at finding out how decision making as an organizational tool works to impact the performance and outcomes of the organization. Indeed, when good decisions are made in an organization, and the decisions are implemented quickly, the performance of an organization will rise to show the increase. When a survey was done on 350 company executives to establish their organizational effectiveness, only 15% of them stated that their organizations help their businesses perform better than their competitors in their respective industries (Paul & Marcia 2006). The article sets it out clearly that what leads to different performance is the quality with which they carry out their services, speed, and how they execute their decision making process. In this case, one

Inccident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inccident - Essay Example My mind had drifted off to recall the conversation at the kitchen table in the morning where I heard momma telling my dad of the intended visit of our grand parents for the summer. Having my grand parents for holidays made my days shine. Grand pa with his erect frame and ruddy sun tanned skin from countless hours in the outdoors brought me memories of great cowboys. Grand ma always reminded of softness with her twinkling blue eyes and beautiful soft skin. Her voice was so gentle and soothing that I loved to fall a sleep in her lap, listening to the stories and songs she read or sang to me at bedtime. I came out of the reverie of my grandma’s soft cocoon of love when I heard Tim, our implicitly appointed group leader chanted in a high pitch tone â€Å" Here comes a Wadley Sack..he he he he† and I looked up to see the woman of an extra bulky frame walking pass the lot. Tim was right in one sense in that she was hardly walking but waddling along with a difficult gait. She looked in our direction as the chanting got more boisterous with the rest of the boys, Sean, Steave, Mat and Harry joining in the ridiculing of the plus sized lady. I watched her, expecting to see anger and distaste in her expressions but was surprised at the kind and conciliatory look in her eyes. â€Å" Wow†¦ she must be eating like a giant!† said Tim, and everyone laughed aloud. I looked at her once again and thought that though she was rather big, she looked kind and pleasant with her redeeming smile. In the silence that followed, my â€Å"tag & hoop† buddies turned questioning ly at me. I have not uttered a single word up to now, nor had I joined in the laughter, which rankled the humid summer air. â€Å"Alan? You don’t think she looks like a big sack of potatoes?† Questioned Tim and I waited as if the cat got my tongue. â€Å"Oooohh†¦ Alan likes her! He doesn’t think she looks that bad!† Exclaimed Tim, the gang master in mock exaggeration and the others

A Report on the issue of absenteeism within business organizations Research Paper

A Report on the issue of absenteeism within business organizations - Research Paper Example After concluding, the report will present recommendations that can be used to eliminate or control the issue of absenteeism within business organizations. This present report is based on the issue of absenteeism and in particular, the report will critically analyze this issue in regards to different case examples from different business organizations, According to the studies by Mullins (2007), absenteeism is described as the act of failing to report to the workstation or school without prior knowledge of the work supervisor or the schoolteacher or in other circumstances with prior knowledge to the work supervisor or the schoolteacher. Therefore, absenteeism can be scheduled or unscheduled or it can occur intentionally or unintentionally. Absenteeism is a common issue at the workplace and it occurs in almost all industries, however, De Paola (2008) stated that in the disciplined forces such as the Army or the navy, the issue of absenteeism is not quite prevalent because of stringent rules and regulations in the disciplined forces that prohibit against unscheduled and intentional absenteeism. Numerous studies have focused on the issue of absenteeism because of the overall impact that it has on work operations and the subsequent impact on the bottom line of a business organisation. ... 1.0 Introduction This present report is based on the issue of absenteeism and in particular, the report will critically analyze this issue in regards to different case examples from different business organizations, According to the studies by Mullins (2007), absenteeism is described as the act of failing to report to the workstation or school without prior knowledge of the work supervisor or the schoolteacher or in other circumstances with prior knowledge to the work supervisor or the schoolteacher. Therefore, absenteeism can be scheduled or unscheduled or it can occur intentionally or unintentionally. Absenteeism is a common issue at the workplace and it occurs in almost all industries, however, De Paola (2008) stated that in the disciplined forces such as the Army or the navy, the issue of absenteeism is not quite prevalent because of stringent rules and regulations in the disciplined forces that prohibit against unscheduled and intentional absenteeism. Numerous studies have focus ed on the issue of absenteeism because of the overall impact that it has on work operations and the subsequent impact on the bottom line of a business organisation. Mullins (2007) noted that given the fact that employees perform various roles or duties while on their workstation, it means that during their absence, certain functions will not take place or the output from their respective positions will be considerably low. This is because the employees who will be replacing them or acting on their position will not have similar or matching skills and qualifications. It is however, important to note that the impact of absenteeism on a company’s operations or the bottom line of a company largely depends on the position

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example Taxation in essence is a system created in order to fuel the society, a manner of giving back to society for its protection. This however is not the case in modern times. Governments use taxation to run the national affairs. One thing which has still not changed is using taxation to fund wars. This practice was carried out by empires thosands of years ago and is still in pratice today. An income tax is a tax levied on the income of corporations or individuals. The amounts of tax is determined by not a fixed amount but by a percentage. This means that the tax would increase as the income increase. In most economies there are different tax brackets. This would mean that a certain percentage would be charged for an income of a certain level, however as the income would cross that threshold the tax rate would increase. There are four different types of income taxes based on sources of funds accquired i.e. personal income tax, corporate income tax, capital gain tax, payroll tax and inheretence tax. The idea of income tax is not just to aquire money to run the society (government) but also to keep a check on earnings of the rich. This system of check and balance ensures that a share is given back to welfare of state. Inflation is also controlled through this mechanism. Moreover incomes taxes can be progressive, regressive or proportional. Sales tax is a form of consumption tax. Unlike the income tax it is not applicable when you earn but only when you spend. This is because although the tax is paid by sellers of commodities, it is not in fact actually paid by them. A typical example can be buying your favorite perfume from a shopping mall. When the payment is made there is a few extra pounds charged above the selling price. This is the sales tax; the perfume seller will pay this amount to the government. The income tax would still apply on the seller on his profits and would be collected separately. Adam Smith

Stock and Commodity Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stock and Commodity Markets - Essay Example With globalisation, MNCs began to explore the markets outside there domestic grounds. Stock and commodities market too are being made attractive by respective governments, which is also resulting in wealth creation for the citizens and companies alike. If used judiciously, 'Stock and commodity trading' greatly helps in tapping resources for developmental projects, welfare schemes and other such nation building exercises. In order to leverage the economies of scale at different locations, such companies try to set up some of their operations at different locations. Moreover, with the advancement in ICT, global distances have tended to become smaller while the world is gradually being seen as a global village. Bracken (2004) underlines that it was since early 1990s when the term 'Globalization' became a catch phrase as it started entering into all walks of life even in developing economies. Libya doesn't have a well defined stock market as Colonel Muammar Qaddafi thought it against the vision of applied socialism and popular democracy (CountryWatch, 2007). But now with the emergence of his son Seif al-Islam on the horizon, there are talks of a new vision. Libya has the largest reserve of crude oil, but despite such a great wealth and a population of just about 6 Million the country could not progress much during all these years (The Economist, 2007). A well regulated trading as such helps in stabilizing market prices for both buyers and sellers. For example a farmer growing mango crop can enter into a contract with a juice making company or a retailer prior to the growing season to pre-sell his mango crop at an agreed-upon price. This way the farmer is also assured of a minimum price for his crop, whatever the circumstances are, in the coming months. On the other hand the juice making company is also assured of a minimum level of supply for the company which helps in preparing long term plans and pricing strategies. Similarly if a listed company requires money fo r expansion or diversification, the company can tap the stock market for borrowing enough money. The borrowed money in turn earns some interests for the lender, which helps in creating wealth for the lender. Stock markets provide an opportunity even to individual and smaller investors to lend their money this way and thus they are also able to create wealth. The wealth created this way helps in encouraging the consumer market as demands for goods and other commodities increases subsequently. Therefore, the cycle helps in boosting the morale of investors and financial institutions, which in turn helps the economy of the nation. Examples of fast developing economies like India and China together with well developed markets like US and UK are good examples of the role of stock and commodities markets in nation building. Middle East and North Africa too have been identified as potential growth oriented zones on account of sweeping reforms in some countries of the region. Except Libya an d Syria the European Union has recently concluded bilateral association agreements with all states bordering the Mediterranean (Euromonitor, 2007). Dissertation Objectives The dissertation in general aims to; i. Establish a well studied relationship between the stock market trends, the commodity markets and the economies of nations. These effects have become of particular significance in view of the fast spreading effects of

Conan Doyle detective fiction Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle detective fiction Essay Some people say that one of the reasons they enjoy reading crime stories like Sherlock Holmes is that order is always restored, good always triumphs over evil. Crime fiction is popular still today because there are many programmes on T. V today i. e. A Touch of Frost, Taggart, and Wire in the Blood. It is also in books like the novels of Ian Paterson. The genre is so popular because people enjoy it and there is an atmosphere of expectation in most stories. Conan Doyle was popular with the Victorian audience because the criminals always got caught, and his stories were published in a magazine read in a parlour or on a train journey. The basic structure of a crime story is that at the beginning there is order and all is well. Soon, however something happens usually a crime to disrupt that order. Then the detective investigates and solves the case. Finally order is restored again as good has defeated evil. This structure is evident in The Man with the Twisted Lip. For example it begins orderly at the beginning of the story as we read about Dr Watson and his wife in the sitting room just before the hour that a man goes to bed. His wife is knitting and Dr Watson sat in his chair. Then the order is disrupted when the doorbell rings and one of Dr Watsons patients Kate Whitney is at the door and she tells whats up. Dr Watson then goes to find Kate Whitneys husband and whilst there, finds Sherlock Holmes in the Opium den. The crime Sherlock Holmes has to investigate is the apparent murder of Neville St Clair. He solves the case by realising that Neville St Clair is in disguise as Hugh Boone. Finally order has been restored because Holmes gets to Neville St Clair and undisguises him as evil is defeated. Conan Doyle uses all the right ingredients and description to his villains which strikes fear into any reader. Dr Roylott is a perfect example of this. Conan Doyle describes him as So tall was he that his hat actually brushed the cross-bar of the doorway, and his breadth seemed to span it across from side to side. A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles, burned yellow with the sun, and marked with evil passion, was turned from one to the other of us, while his deep-set, bile-shot eyes, and the high thin fleshless nose, gave him somewhat the resemblance to a fierce old bird of prey. This shows the sheer size and fierce looks that he has. I am a dangerous man to fall foul of! See here He stepped swiftly, seized the poker, and bent it into a curve with his huge brown hands. This shows how strong Dr Roylott is and to warn Sherlock Holmes off because other people fear him. In The Speckled Band Conan Doyle describes how aggressive, violent and Greedy Dr Roylott and that he uses his knowledge of medicine for evil doings. Jim Browner is another Conan Doyle that is very well described. His aggression, jealousy and uncontrollable rage are shown here. I swore to my wife that I would kill her if I found her under in his company again, and I led her back with me, sobbing and trembling and as white as a piece of paper. His cunning ways are shown here I had a heavy oak stick in my hand, and I telly you I saw red from the first; but as I ran I got cunning and hung back a little to see them without being seen. His violence and vengeance is shown here Crushed his head like an egg. I would have spared her, perhaps, for all my madness, but she threw her arms around him crying out to him I was like a wild beast that had tasted blood. This also shows there is no stopping him and that he gives no mercy. Conan Doyle carefully describes his settings to create tension and suspense. An example in The Man with the Twisted Lip Conan Doyle describes the opium den internally and externally to brilliant effect. The modern reader knows this is a place where sinister events happen, a black gap like the mouth of a cave Out of the black shadows there glimmered little red circles of light. The Victorian reader very familiar with the atmosphere in London and would be gripped by Watsons struggle to see and all the detail that Conan Doyle describes the Opium Den with. Sir Conan Doyle uses great language to create a tense atmosphere in The Speckled Band. In section where Helen Stoner relays what happened on the night her sister mysteriously died, he uses the story within the story to great effect. Firstly an atmosphere of foreboding is created as the weather is described The wind was howling, animal imagery which creates the effect that there is a wild beast outside. The rain was beating and splashing against the window which is describing the weather to create atmosphere of foreboding and uses words like beating to show violent imagery. Conan Doyle uses sentence structures effectively to create different atmospheres. He uses short sentences to create drama and also short sharp sentences followed by an exclamation mark to create a scary and tense atmosphere. For example in The Speckled Band when Julia shouts Oh my God! Helen! It was the band! Another example of a short sentence is when Helen says I knew that it was my sisters voice. Conan Doyle is very successful in writing detective fiction that appeals to a modern reader because he uses all the right ingredients and structure. Conan Doyle uses very interesting characters and evil villains, which makes the readers addicted to his detective fiction stories. He uses different types of language and sentence structure, which is very appealing to the readers.

Easy Jet The Most Successful Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay

Easy Jet The Most Successful Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay EasyJet has make the most of successful marketing strategies through the a range of channels available, in order to set up and uphold a control position in the low-cost airline industry. One of the great business success stories of the past five years has been the launch of the easyJet airline company (Dixon, 2000). To make easy our analysis of this purpose, we not only researched EasyJet and its marketing operation adopted over the years, but also identified the main strategies used by the other leading competitors. EasyJet has frequently tried to identify itself to its customer base as the best form of budget travel in Europe. The company known the demand for this form of travel and its marketing strategies have been first and foremost geared around providing more efficient, low-cost flights, at the same time as maintaining as a high a quality of service as possible. RECOMMENDATIONS Easy Jet needs to concentrate on maintaining its established market leadership.Miles and Snows theory of the Four Business Strategies would suggest easy Jet should move towards being an Analyser from a Prospector. To enhancing their market power both long and short-term ,Easy Jet should look to move into newer mediums for advertising, primarily using television broadcasting. Easy jet need to keep on designing new ways advancing to other ways of its competence and mobilizing within their wide employee base. Easy Jet need to further consider and by fomenting such other dimensions of this business, will help out maintain another key element which still, other rivals fail to be familiar with. Easy jet should keep on hold Its new style of advertising which can be with the help out of its existing customers. That can make things easy for Easy Jet to get to know who are the customers that are brand loyal and can use them for their advertising by providing some special offers and discounts to them. INTRODUCTION Easy Jest airline is one of the best budget or low price airline, which offer cheap flight to an increasing number of destinations around the world. It was established in 1995. It was launched by the son of Greek Shipping tycoon Stelios Haji-loannou who came to England in 1984, with two leased Boeing 737-200 aircraft. EasyJets base in London was low-rent Luton Airport, formerly used only by charter operations. (A large part of easyJets strategy was the use of secondary airports, but not as out-of-the-way as those served by the Irish discount carrier Ryanair.) Easy Jet first linked London with Glasgow (beginning November 10, 1995) and Edinburgh (two weeks later) via two leased planes. Aberdeen was added in January 1996. Answers.com In the beginning booking was by telephone only, Stelios Haji-loannou used to hate the internet and says that The Internet is for nerds, it will never make money for my business!. From this small beginning Easy jet grew rapidly, In August 1999, the site counted for 38% of tickets sales or over 135,000 seats. Stelios Haji-loannou was suggested by Russell Sheffield of Tableau one of the Easy jets design and adverting agencies in December 1997, that he should consider carrying out tests a website for direct bookings. On the other hand East jets marketing director and business manager; they saw the probable and approved a website specific phone number advertised on the site can be used to trace the volume of users on the site. Haji-loannous saw the results and change his mind, and Easy Jet commissioned Tableau as partners to develop as e-commerce website capable of offering real time online booking from April 1998. In 1998 Haji-loannou invested a total of $90 million in the company, which had ordered a dozen new Boeing 737s worth  £500 million. Online booking were handled by Tableau. Over 75% of its sales are sold directly though the website. The results have been quick and sustainable growth in the face of firm competition from the big companies. It has broken the mould assumed for low-cost airlines, operation a modern and expanding fleet intensively on competitive routes. Easy Jet strategies are bold and adventurous rather than risky. The Company takes few real risks, as it applies sound business principles at the same time as carefully exploring the market. SITUATION ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a tool for inspecting an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps out marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry. Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. Opportunities: external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. Threats: external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Its o goal is to identify the project its internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that goal. SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic planning has been the subject of much research. It is specific helpful in identifying area for development. SWOT analysis of Easy Jet Strengths The corporate culture at Easy Jet is that of informality and adaptability. The company favors a flat hierarchy whereby the management work closely with those below them in the chain of command. Employees are given responsibility to make decisions themselves. This empowerment is not only eliminates wasteful layers, ensures any situation is dealt with as quickly base possible but is also thought to increase employee motivation. WriteWork.com Essays and writing guides for students n.d Strength Financial growth was solid in Easy Jet, In 2005 Profit was improved by 9.1% over the previous years and the total amount before tax was  £67.6. Number of passenger increased by 21.4% to 29.6% million and revenue raised per sear by 78 pence to  £38.66. The brand name is strong It built its name on the back of the founder Mr. Stelios Haji-Loannou. It bright orange airlines and online booking system which lead to the strap line, The Company has become media friendly and identical with low cost travel. Easy Jet airlines strategy paying attention Focus on our customers, Own our markets and Reduce costs, which has remained strong. Easy Jet presents an online promotion alert which is e-mailed to existing customers and contact on the companys database. Easy Jet runs a fast and competent service with an average turnaround time of 30 minutes or below. This makes possible for them to preserve a reliable and hassle free service to their passengers. Weakness Domestic air travel is a tremendously competitive industry with Easy Jets main competitors being Jet2, BMI Baby, Ryan Air plus a host of smaller independent competitors. These external competitive forces can confine and shape pricing policy on some of Easy Jets less profitable routes as they search for to compete with their competitors. The other important thing which Easy Jet can be its weakness is that they do not offer the service of free food on longer flights of more than two hours. Opportunities Possible opening of options routes to main cities in Europe. A key route could be from Dublin to the UK, as this has a large potential for travelers going to soccer matches in the UK and new links into corporate flyers to and from the UK. Updated versions of the fly on the wall documentaries would provide the brand with more coverage and publicity. Offering of free refreshments and food on flights with a travel time more than two hours, this would offer an extra advantage and comfort to passengers making their experience with Easy Jet all the more comfortable and enjoyable. Threat Pricing is very threat to Easy Jet Company because competitors flying the same routes compete very competitively on price forcing pressure on margin on more popular flights and time slots. Economic slump may lead to reduce in casual flyers and corporate travel as companies seek to limit what they see as unnecessary expenses and in turn make less business trips. Outside market forces can have a major impact on Easy Jets business, Example; the rising cost of oil can have a major impact on running costs putting major pressure on the profitability of less popular routes and time slots. PEST analysis is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The organizations marketing environment is made up from PEST analysis, the acronym PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological it is used to describe a framework for the analysis of the micro environmental factors Political factors are how and to what level a government interfere in the economy. Particularly, political factors take in areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided advantages and those that the government does not want to be provided disadvantages. In addition, governments have vast influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors on Easy Jet include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have main collision on how businesses function and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Movements in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an aging population may entail a smaller and less-willing workforce , thus increasing the cost of labor. In addition, Easy Jet Company may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends. Technological factors include technological aspects such as, automation, technology motivation and the rate of technological change. They can decide obstruction to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Additionally, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially have an effect on industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Additionally, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and moving back or destroying existing ones. Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Segmental analysis: The geographical analysis of turnover is as follows: Area 2001 2000 Within United Kingdom 86,545 73,008 Between United Kingdom rest of Europe 244,764 177,141 Within rest of Europe 25,550 13,545 Financial analysis: eMARKETING STRATEGY A strategy is long term plan of action aimed at achieving a particular result. Plans pass on to the instantaneous actions taken to implement a strategy. Strategy also can be defined as the first step to implement in the planning. eMarketing is the procedure of marketing a brand using the Internet. Whether the business is purely an online entity or a traditional business taking its first cautious steps into the digital realm, the marketers team will guide in formulating the most suitable Internet marketing strategy to accomplish the business objectives. Importance of developing an effective e-marketing strategy is indicated by Michael Porter (2001) who has said: The key question is not whether to deploy Internet technology companies have no choice if they want to stay competitive but how to deploy it. Strategy Competitive strategy is at the heart of the field of strategic management.Easy Jet ran its first Internet only promotion in a newspaper in The Times in February 1999, with remarkable results. Easy Jets early marketing strategy was based on making flying as affordable as a pair of jeans and urged travelers to cut out the travel agent. Its early promotion consisted of little more than the airlines telephone booking number painted in bright orange on the side of its aircraft. The scalability of the Internet help out deal with demand since everyone was directed to the web site rather than the company needing to employ an extra 250 telephone operators. Though, risk management did occur with a micro site built for Times readers (www.times.easyjet.com) to keep away from putting a damage on easy Jets main site. Flight promotions are intended to avoid attracting people who had fly with Easy Jet, so advance booking schemes are proposed to attain that. Book in advance for cheap seats The basic principle is that the cheapest seats are sold first, but the approaches to give way management do differ between the airlines. Easy Jet almost completely first-come, first-served, with few special offers or sales. Figure. 1 Showing Booking in Advance Thirty Percent of seats were sold online, with the rest of transaction being completed by phone, 13,000 orders were taken over the Internet in the first day alone with over 15,000 people on the site at one point. This plan made Easy Jet make more profit, five week later after the promotion Easy jet. Promotion offered cheap flights to a choice of all Easy jet destinations when 18 tokens were collected. Seats were sold during the promotion and Easy Jet got more than  £2m. Stelios Haji-loannou uses the website as a PR tool, he uses its nearness to keep newspapers informed about new promotions and offers by phoning and e-mailing journalists and pass on them to the website rather than faxing. The website was used as an aggressive tool in what is very competitive marketplace The essential components to re-think to Stelios Haji-loannou traditional views of marketing to face up the new challenges he face. The model acts as a checklist that advises us to confront the need for:- VALUE STRATEGY A logical and customer focused offer of better value to each of his customers in the terms that matter to them. MARKET STRATEGY A clear balanced strategic pathway to market that take advantage of learning and intellect capabilities to make better market choices, clarify value propositions, and to identify the relationship network to be managed in the process of going to market. INTERNET STRATEGY Developing and Integrating the potential of the Web in changing buyer and sellers relationships, offering multiple channel capabilities and developing new business models. PROCESS STRATEGY Designing and managing clear and focused process of decisions making in creating and delivering of value to customers CHANGE STRATEGY A reliable and effective approach to making things happen in the Easy Jet Company, to deliver maintainable competitive advantage and better-quality performance through the flawless delivery of value to customers Easy Jet protect its strategy, pointing out that all decisions have been made by the full board with agreement, where necessary, from shareholders. The agreement should keep growth at 7.5% this will enable Easy Jet to boost its share of the European short-haul market from the current 7% to around 10%.The board of EasyJet is also committed to ensuring that the company achieves a proper financial return on its capital and therefore has set a target of 15% return on equity. An Important strategic implication for Easy Jet is that while its current pricing strategy is optimal given its size, it would not be optimal for airline to offer such low initial prices were it to add substantial capacity to any given route. This would be the challenge for a firm that has built up expectations among customers as as airline with a great value proposition for those willing to buy early. Value Proposition The Value proposition cencept is an integral part of the business model tool that hold a set of elements and their relationships and allows expressing the business logic of a specific firm. It can be understood as the statements of benefits that are delivered by the solid to its external population. In spite of opposing opinions concerning what factors make firms successful, differentiation and focus are two normally accepted principles that bring about effective strategies and many strategy frameworks. The mixture of benefits offered to customers. Easy Jet operates very cheaply which enables them to offer customers convenience, reliability and great service. It propose cheap flights to convenient European destinations and also gives other related services. Easy Jet apply a direct services business model. The model reaches buyers and sellers directly thereby squeezing the distribution channel and improving efficiency. The reduced expenditure allows Easy Jet to offers a cluster of benefits to customers. Easy Jets value proposition can be summarized by value for money, convenience and excellent customer service. The basic assumption is that every business transaction can be broken down to five major value attributes:- PRICE Cost of goods and services PRODUCT Goods and services purchased ACCESS How consumers obtain goods SERVICES How consumers feel about the suppliers as a result of commercial transaction. EXPERIENCE How consumers feel about themselves as a result of goods and services. Easy jet Value proposition has has been to offer cheap, punctual, safe, no trappings method of travel to people who generally paid out of their own pockets. By remaining a low cost carrieer, customer belief were minimal and as a result brand new planes with the best pilots and punctual flights was clearly successfull in satisfaction the customer, as proof but the high number of repeat fliers. Easy Jets competitive advantage is largely sustainable due to its fast speed of growth and its offer to quickly achieve the benefits of operating at the most favourable scale for greater profitability. Implementation Creating new core and extendd value for customers The capability to bring interactivity and more detailed information through the internet are key to enhacing the extended product offering online. Product selection tools can help match product to customer. The Internet also gives great opportunities to get closer to the customer. The modest feedback button can offer a revelation amount of information. Better still, by analysing consumer e-mail queries from the Internet and other channels, companies can offer best product information.Easy Jet has a detailed sed of frequently asked questions that are compiled from analysis of the hundreds of thousands of questions received online.Improvement of a clear customer value proposition is now an essential part of customer centric marketing, customer relationship management and branding. Easy jet planned to implement the project internally, but the decided that they need a strategic implementation partner with experience of the target solution technology stack. Balancing online and offline promotion methods Easy jet have the promotion method, it is its first internet only promotion in a newspaper in The Times. The use of online and offline promotion. Online promotion method such as search engine registration and banner advertising often take prominence when discussing methods of traffic building, offline promotion using deferent communications tools such as advertising and PR delivery by traditional media such as TV, Radio and Print on order to deliver visitors to an online presence. The passengers online experience strengthens confidence in the booking process. A five step move towards is taken, allowing the passenger to exit at any time. The booking form remembers essential passenger information, so irritating towards the inside of basic details is not necessary if passengers want to try-out with dates and times. Once a passenger has booked their ticket for the first time, they can directly influence the ticket price, and choices are offered to them that are not available elsewhere. As a result, there seems little doubt that easy Jets customers enjoy their online experience, so ensuring that they come back regularly and often. Implementation Impact of strategy having upon the performance of the business The website was designed in such a way that it was easier for the customers to navigate and very simple design. Their new idea in the site design was introducing the games such as BAs losses and Battle with Swissair. These created a curious in the customers to checkup with the site. Also the winners were given prizes in the form of free air tickets, thus increasing the sales by involving the customers themselves. The most important strategy was to make everything easier for their customers. Easy prefix had been added where, easyEverything means, the separate internet cafe which allowed the customers to browse free though the Easy jet site. Some of the strategies which still followed by the easy jet make the customer remember of their service and name of easy jet even in offline, that is even at the street. The major value produced by this site was that it is well integrated within the business itself. That is the changes or any new destinations, everything were immediately updated in the website, once they were fed into the information system of the company. As soon as they have implemented the new system of marketing technique, that is through the internet, their sales rise significantly. This new marketing system facilitate them to lessen the running costs, which is very important to any company. Since their costs were reduced, they were able to offer their customers a discount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1. Easy Jet company it is also easier for them to determine how much tickets got booked with the help of their website. This was possible with the help of the special telephone number on the site. It was in fact, their six months target was reached just in six weeks. Also, one great benefit they found out with the help of the easy Jets website was, almost everyone who called booked their tickets, opposite to the phone line where only one caller out of the six callers booked their ticket. Easy Jets website sales was rising, at one point they reached the level such that two-fifths of the business was generated through the website. Then they took this task to in house maintenance itself rather than outsourcing as a result the cost was reduced further. Newspaper was their first major promotion of their site was. Mainly they used The Times. This brought a very remarkable result. Where on the first day itself 20,000 tickets were sold out. As a result they used the offline advertising to promote their online ticket bookings. Legal and ethical issues When using the Internet and E-Commerce it is important to remember that there are many legal and ethical issues to be considered. Legal Issues When starting a business on the Web, there are significant legal issue to consider. Making evaluation about legal matter is about how comfortable you are with risk. If you make huge revenue with a high risk business, you could come to a decision that the money is worth the risk, or you might prefer to do it for a short period of time, collect your money and get out. This is just because there is risk does mean that it is not a good business for you. Everything in life has risks and your business is no exception. Consideration for legal and ethical matter with regard to the gathering, processing, distributing and use of information on the internet is now becoming very important. As the technology raise the relationship between the society and politics also increases. Ethical and legal decisions are therefore becoming very important to balance the needs and rights of everyone. Legal issue than can be considered are:- Where things really happen ? How should the transaction be authenticated ? How to determine the minors when making e-transaction ? Who are behind the screen ? Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace ? How can we solve the jurisdiction problem in dispute settlement ? Which Legal System will apply ? Do we have Cyber laws that protect on-line consumer ? Legal issues can be as follows:- Copyright Violation Watch out for this particular crime of sites that copy your website text legal issues or name while trying to pledge off some other item they are selling. It is provided for both the published and unpublished works. It is important when obtaining content for the Easy Jet site and in the protection of the sites content. The owner of a copyright can have the exclusive right:- To copy the work To modify the work To distribute the work To perform the work publicity To display the work publicity Trade mark It is the ownership of intellectual properties that identifies goods or services. In internet trademark is mainly used in naming the domains. A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, which identifies and distinguishes the source of particular goods. A service mark is the same as a trademark, except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Ethical Issues E-commerce businesses which are entering in the world will be facing a new set of ethical challenges. It is easy for businesses to become sidetracked in the technical challenges of operating in this way and to pay little attention to the ethical implications. Ethical Issues can be as follows:- Advertising And Keywords Scams Unethical spyware/adware companies are promoting themselves as: get to the top of Google, Yahoo, and MSN search guaranteed for your keywords. These companies are using the term Search Engine Data Merging. Spyware and adware is installed on some users computers then they sell keywords to professionals for thousands of dollars a year. This is a huge money making scam. Identity Theft Internet Fraud Identity theft is a main problem of which have been there for long time in many situation. Be cautious, that this issue is related to online B2C ethical business issues and legal issues. Domain Name Registration Issues and Scams Domain name registration is another area online where ethics have been thrown out. Without doubt there are some gray areas for someone to be registering a domain name that is close to some other corporate identitys name. Other than that, many of these individuals and corporations that register domain names in the same country and other countries that are near to, or similar to the spellings of others, are registering the names to violate upon the trademarks and brands of other corporations and organizations. CONCLUSION The main objective of this document is to know what are the strategies followed by the Easy jet to achieve the top position in the low cost carrier in Europe. One of the great business success stories of the past five years has been the launch of the easy Jet airline company (Dixon, 2000). Easy jet has been able to be successful in this industry due to its ground-breaking. And in order to remain in this position in the following years also it has to be more and more inventive. Because in this modern world the competition is becoming heavier and heavier. This is the world of survival of the fittest. Easy Jet has continuously tried to identify itself to its consumer base as the best form of budget travel in Europe. The company known as the demand for this form of travel and its marketing strategies have been first and foremost geared around providing more efficient, low-cost flights, at the same time as maintaining as a high a quality of service as possible. Through their clear, effective website, they have strived to make it increasingly easy for customers to deal with the company, whereas strategically positioning their advertising to be directed at the market served. Policies for expansion have been the driving force behind easy Jets important growth and have enabled them to get rid of key competitor from the industry. Nevertheless, with the emergence of new, strong competitors in the industry and the increasing demand for low-cost travel, it is evident that easy Jet must remain inventive in its marketing and assign enough resources to make safe a long-term position as the market leader.

Anne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay -- Mississippi Age Com

Anne Moody's Coming of Age in Mississippi Coming of Age in Mississippi is the amazing story of Anne Moody's unbreakable spirit and character throughout the first twenty-three years of her life. Time and time again she speaks of unthinkable odds and conditions and how she manages to keep excelling in her aspirations, yet she ends the book with a tone of hesitation, fear, and skepticism. While she continually fought the tide of society and her elders, suddenly in the end she is speaking as if it all may have been for not. It doesn?t take a literary genius nor a psychology major to figure out why. With all that was stacked against her cause, time and time again, it is easy to see why she would doubt the future of the civil rights movement in 1964 as she rode that Greyhound bus to Washington once again. The events that had occurred to her up to the point of the end of the book could clearly have disheartened anyone. Throughout the novel Moody shows displeasure with her family and fellow black citizens for simply accepting the circumstances and the position in which they lived. Multiple times she refers to the elder blacks as brainwashed by Mr. Charlie, referring to the white plantation owners. She condemns how anytime something clearly unacceptable happens, the black community hushes itself and moves along about their business. This is evident even when she is fourteen years old and just entering high school. Upon the murder of Emmett Till, she questions why was he murdered and what was going to be done about it. Her mother responds to her questions with hostility, and this upsets her more. She wonders why she should remain quite about the incident, pretending she doesn?t know. After learning that Emmett was murdered because he got out of line with a white woman, she questions this rationale. Does that make it OK to murder him? How were his actions any different from how young white me n treated black women? To ask these questions at this point in time were unthinkable to her mother and most anyone else she associated with. She was just a young black girl and should keep her concerns to herself. Moody clearly portrays herself as someone unwilling to accept society in its condition from a very early age, which obviously foreshadows her involvement in the activist?s community. I would argue that the mentality of African-Americans to... ...ndmother would not let her in her house for fear that she might cause trouble! At her mother?s birthday party no one would really speak with her, afraid of what she might say. While her sister and younger brother still respected her, to be shunned by the majority of ones own family would have to be a very traumatic experience. Seriously, how much can one person take on a mission and constantly have little or no success and maintain a positive outlook? Throughout the reading I was amazed and impressed with Moody?s determination and drive. I am thankful that I was not placed in her shoes, because I am not sure that I could have maintained her level of courage or optimism. I feel she has the right to be somewhat questionable towards the end of the book, if not for her own experiences, to encourage anyone who reads her book to never give up on one?s own dreams. With all her doubts, look at all that has been accomplished in the area of civil rights, and what might never have been if not for people like Anne Moody. Bibliography: Moody, Anne. ?Coming of Age in Mississippi.?Literary Cavalcade Apr. 2001 : 31-33. Proquest Kamiakin Library, Kennewick, Wa. 10 May 2001.

Early Judaism: Messianic Claimants/Messianic Expectations Paper

A messiah is a rather ambiguous term. It mainly means an anointed one; usually a messiah is considered to be a son of David and would reestablish Israel to what it once was. Because messiahs are anointed ones they would typically be Jewish priests, prophets and kings. However, a Messiah can also be a warrior, or a man of peace. (CITE) A messiah was to reestablish unity among the Jewish people and navigate through the hardships and oppression that they went through during early Judaism and bring a sense of freedom and relief. An array of messianic claimants came forth during the two peaks of Jewish rebellion, the death of King Herod the Great and the first Jewish war against the Romans. The first search for a messiah started in the sixth century BC when the Jews of Babylonia were exiled, they called for an anointed one that would bring them back to their home. The second time was when Alexander the Great brought down the Achaemenid Empire and left it to his Macedonian generals. The Jews were peaceful and tried to fit in more with the Greeks to avoid confrontation through this time. Ultimately when the Greeks pushed it too far and destroyed the temple the Hasmonean family led a revolt that bought independence back to the Jews. This period is referred to as the Hasmonean Dynasty. In response to this change of priesthood, the Jewish people reorganized themselves into three major philosophies; the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes. When the shift went to Roman, the Jews lost their sense of freedom. They were then ruled by King Herod the Great which didn’t improve. Herod the great was a powerful, brutal and ruthless leader, who accomplished a large amount, however under his rule Jewish people were extremely poor and highly taxe... ... army by his side. Simon and his followers were well organized and systematic in their approach. Works Cited http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_01.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_06.html http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants03.html Anchor Bible – Richard, Horsley Horsley, Richard A. "Menahem In Jerusalem : A Brief Messianic Episode Among The Sicarii--Not "Zealot Messianism." Novum Testamentum 27.4 (1985): 334-348. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Stern, Pnina. "Life Of Josephus: The Autobiography Of Flavius Josephus." Journal For The Study Of Judaism In The Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Period 41.1 (2010): 63-93. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Early Judaism: Messianic Claimants/Messianic Expectations Paper A messiah is a rather ambiguous term. It mainly means an anointed one; usually a messiah is considered to be a son of David and would reestablish Israel to what it once was. Because messiahs are anointed ones they would typically be Jewish priests, prophets and kings. However, a Messiah can also be a warrior, or a man of peace. (CITE) A messiah was to reestablish unity among the Jewish people and navigate through the hardships and oppression that they went through during early Judaism and bring a sense of freedom and relief. An array of messianic claimants came forth during the two peaks of Jewish rebellion, the death of King Herod the Great and the first Jewish war against the Romans. The first search for a messiah started in the sixth century BC when the Jews of Babylonia were exiled, they called for an anointed one that would bring them back to their home. The second time was when Alexander the Great brought down the Achaemenid Empire and left it to his Macedonian generals. The Jews were peaceful and tried to fit in more with the Greeks to avoid confrontation through this time. Ultimately when the Greeks pushed it too far and destroyed the temple the Hasmonean family led a revolt that bought independence back to the Jews. This period is referred to as the Hasmonean Dynasty. In response to this change of priesthood, the Jewish people reorganized themselves into three major philosophies; the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes. When the shift went to Roman, the Jews lost their sense of freedom. They were then ruled by King Herod the Great which didn’t improve. Herod the great was a powerful, brutal and ruthless leader, who accomplished a large amount, however under his rule Jewish people were extremely poor and highly taxe... ... army by his side. Simon and his followers were well organized and systematic in their approach. Works Cited http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_01.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_06.html http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants03.html Anchor Bible – Richard, Horsley Horsley, Richard A. "Menahem In Jerusalem : A Brief Messianic Episode Among The Sicarii--Not "Zealot Messianism." Novum Testamentum 27.4 (1985): 334-348. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Stern, Pnina. "Life Of Josephus: The Autobiography Of Flavius Josephus." Journal For The Study Of Judaism In The Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Period 41.1 (2010): 63-93. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.

Attention Deficit Disorder :: essays research papers

ADD 1 Running head: Attention Deficit Disorder ADD 2 Attention Deficit Disorder: The Effects of ADD Introduction Attention Deficit Disorder, which most people know as ADD, effects over two million people in the U.S. every year. Many people think ADD was discovered within the last twenty years when in actuality it was discovered over one hundred years ago. â€Å"ADD is considered a learning disability. However, children and adults who display some of the symptoms associated with ADD may hide a greater potential than expected† (Sympatico 38 of 40). Review of ADD ADD is a treatable but not curable disorder. It effects three to six percent of the population. It is usually found in children because that is when people are in the most active parts of their lives. Symptoms There are many symptoms that suggest that a person has ADD. One example is of a person not being able to stay in one place for a long period of time. Another is that the person becomes easily distracted, has difficulty awaiting his turn in games, blurts out answers of questions, has difficulty following instructions, or ADD 3 playing games quietly, talks excessively, and engages in dangerous activity. There are several ways through which ADD can be diagnosed. One way is by a specialist observing the child’s behavior. Another way of diagnosing ADD in a student is having the teacher fill out an evaluation sheet and turning it into the specialist, who interprets the data collected. Concerning observation of children, Sympatico says, â€Å" kids often have difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly, are often ‘on the go’ or often act as if driven by a motor, often talk excessively† (27 of 40). Speculations Many Speculations have been given as to what causes ADD, but no one is for certain. One possibility is genetic/hereditary brain damage during or after birth or by toxins that are exposed to the child before or after birth. Also, â€Å" food allergies could cause ADD† (Sympatico 9 of 40). This theory has not been proven, but more scientific evidence is mounting and suggests that children can benefit from certain diets. Treatment ADD 4 There are several treatments that help children cope with ADD, but if a child goes untreated the disorder will increase the risks of a child’s educational performance, decrease self esteem, cause social problems and family difficulty, and have potential long term effects. The main treatment for ADD is medication. Medications are used everyday to treat the millions of people with ADD.

The Adventures of Tintin

The Adventures of Tintin, known as The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the and enduring comic-book series—the thrilling, globetrotting exploits of the intrepid boy reporter Tintin, his loyal dog Snowy, and his quirky band of comrades. The Secret of the Unicorn. Though the subtitle was dropped and the film pulls from several stories, that’s the primary Herge book this first film is based on. The legendary author published about two dozen Tintin books in total but, instead of starting with the first one, Spielberg and Jackson opted to jump into the middle (Unicorn was the 11th book) because it introduced a very popular sidekick character in Captain Haddock.Since they didn’t lock themselves into a specific time in the Tintin mythology.Tintin (character)Tintin is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin the comics series Belgian cartoonist Herge Tintin is the eponymous protagonist of the series; a reporter and adventure who travels around the world with his dog Snowy. The character was created in 1929 and introduced in a weekly youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper He appears as a young man, 14–19 years old with a round face and quiff hairstyle. Tintin has a sharp intellect, can command any type of vehicle, can defend himself, is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind. Through his investigative reporting, quick thinking, and all-around good nature, Tintin is always able to solve the mystery and complete the adventure. Tintin's personality is neutral, which allows the reader to not merely follow the adventures but assume Tintin's position within the story. Combined with Hergà ©'s signature (â€Å"clear line†) style, this helps the reader â€Å"safely enter a sensually stimulating world.† Captain (Haddock)Captain Haddock is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergà ©. He is Tintin's best friend, a seafaring Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character under the control of his treacherous first mate Allan, who keeps him drunk and runs his freighter. He regains his command and his dignity, even rising to president of the Society of Sober SailorsThe Shooting Star, but never gives up his love for rum and whisky, especially Loch Lomond. In the adventure Secret of the Unicorn (and continuing in Red Rackham's Treasure he and Tintin travel to find a pirate's treasure captured by his ancestor, sir Francis Haddock (Franà §ois de Haddock in French). Captain Haddock becomes a socialite; riding a horse, wearing a monocle, and sitting in a theatre box seat (The Seven Crystal Balls). He then evolves to become genuinely heroic, volunteering to sacrifice his life to save Tintin's own in the pivotal Tintin in Tibet. In later volumes he is clearly retired. Throughout it all, the Captain's coarse humanity and sarcasm act as a counterpoint to Tintin's often implausible heroism. He is always quick with a dry comment whenever the boy reporter gets too idealistic. Captain Haddock remained without a first name until the last completed story, Tintin and the Picaros.Comparision:I love all the characters in Tintin, but Captain Haddock has a special place in my heart. Captain Haddock is undoubtedly the most appreciated character and everyone is in love with him. His confusion and forgetfulness is what i like most. Captain Archibald Haddock’s character certainly remains one of the most lovable aspects about the Tintin books. His cuss words were especially hilarious & quite unforgettable. Interestingly, in the earlier Tintin books Snowy used to be the wisecracking foil to Tintin’s comparatively bland persona; but after Haddock debuted, he took upon the role of counterbalancing Tintin, and consequently, Snowy’s role in the subsequent books diminished considerably. And I would like to believe that the river has just changed its course, it will someday flow through the familia r land of poetry once again

Pro and Anti Social Behaviour Essay

a) Outline two psychological theories of aggression (12 marks) b) Evaluate two theories of aggression that you outlined in part a) in terms of relevant research studies (12 marks) a) Outline and evaluate two psychological theories of aggression (24 marks) Aggression is an example of anti-social behaviour. It has been defined as ‘any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such harm’. Social Psychological theories of aggression These explain aggression as a result of social interactions Social Learning Theory (SLT) One of the most influential theories of aggression is the Social Learning theory put forward by Bandura (1973). The nature of the theory suggests human aggression is learned either through direct experience or by observing aggressive behaviour in other people i. e. indirect experience. Bandura produced two assumptions in relation to the social learning theory. He stated that if a child acts aggressively against another child and as a result gets what they want, their aggressive behaviour has been reinforced. This is an example of learning by direct experience, derived from the principles of the traditional learning theory; operant and classical conditioning. Secondly, he stated that if a child observes another person behaving in an aggressive manner, they may imitate that behaviour them selves, particularly if they see the model reinforced for behaving in that way. This is an example of vicarious experience. Results from Bandura’s studies have shown that children are more likely to imitate models if they are similar to themselves, have some kind of status or who are seen to be rewarded for their actions. He also applied these factors to his Social Learning theory. Bobo Doll study Bandura (1961) Support for the Social Learning theory comes from studies using Bobo dolls (an inflatable toy). This was conducted by Bandura et al (1961). He carried out a study where Nursery school children watched a film where an adult model behaved aggressively or non-aggressively towards a Bobo doll. The adult model displayed some distinctive physical acts of aggression, for example kicking it and using verbal aggression such as Pow! Following this, the children were taken to a room and shown attractive toys that they were forbidden to play with. This created a sense of frustration within the children. They were then taken to a room containing a Bobo doll and other toys and were then rated for the amount of aggression they showed. Bandura found that children in the aggressive condition reproduced the physical and verbal behaviours modelled by the adult. In contrast children in the non-aggressive condition showed very little aggression towards the doll. This shows that children can acquire aggressive behaviours from watching the actions of others. Evidence that supports the Social Learning Theory Further research evidence has been carried out in relation to aggression which supports Bandura’s theory. Silvern and Williamson (1987) investigated the effect video games have on aggression. They found that aggression levels in children increased after playing violent games. This suggests that this was due to imitation or modelling. However, the study lacks validity because it only identifies short term aggression, not long term aggression therefore, it does not prove any permanent effects. Furthermore, Margeret and Mead (1935) studied aggression in relation to cross cultural differences. She studied three New Gunea tribes and found that each tribe behaved different in terms of aggressive tendencies. This suggests that the fact that some societies were more aggressive than others supports the role of social learning in aggression. However, the fact that the men were relatively more aggressive in each society suggests that some aspects of aggression are biologically determined. Evidence that challenges the Social Learning Theory However, this theory has been challenged by a number of psychologists. Johnston et al (1977) carried out another study in which he found that children who behaved most aggressively towards the doll were the ones rated by the teachers as most violent generally. Also, Durkin (1995) suggested that Bandura made no distinguish between aggressive behaviour and play fighting. These studies therefore suggest that the findings from the Bobo Doll study lack reliability. In addition, the study has ethical issues as it encourages aggression in children. Furthermore, the situation is unlike a lot of ‘real-life’ modeling as hitting a doll is no the same as hitting a person. This leads to the assumption that Bandura over exaggerated the extent to which children imitate the behaviour of models. This also leads to the criticism that the study lacks ecological validity due to its artificial setting; therefore the results may not apply to real life. Also, some critics argue that the children were manipulated into responding to the aggressive movie. This was because the children were teased and became aggressive because they could not touch the toys. Finally, there is a problem that the study suffers from high demand characteristics due to the children being given cues how to behave, resulting in the participants to behave in certain predictable ways. Alternative theories Alternative social psychological theories of aggression have also been produced, challenging the idea that aggression is solely based upon imitation, modelling and reinforcement. Deindividuation theory One of these is the Deindividuation theory proposed by Zimbardo (1969). Deindividuation refers to the loss of a sense of personality identity that can occur when we are for example, in a large crowd or wearing a mask. We then become more likely to engage in anti-social, un-socialised behaviour. Zimbardo (1969) distinguished between individual behaviour, which conforms to acceptable social standards, and deindividuated behaviour, which does not conform to society’s social norms. He claimed that people don’t normally act aggressively because they are easily identifiable in societies that have strong norms against aggressive behaviour. Being anonymous (and therefore effectively unaccountable) in a crowd has the consequence of reducing inner restraints and increasing behaviours that are usually inhibited. According to Zimbardo, being in part of a crowd can reduce awareness of our own individuality. In a large crowd, each person is faceless and anonymous (so the larger the group, the greater the anonymity), reducing the fear of negative evaluation of our actions and a diminishing the sense of guilt. Therefore, individuals feel less constrained by the norms of social behaviour and as a result, they may be more inclined to act in an anti-social way. This is supported by Mann (1981) who found evidence of Deindividuation in the ‘baiting crowd’ (crowds who frequently baited a potential suicide victim to jump). Mann found that baiting increased under conditions which increased the anonymity of the crowd (e. g. numbers, darkness and distance from the victim). This therefore supports the claim that deindividuation increases aggressive behaviour. The deindividuation theory is also supported by Zimbardo (1969) who left ‘abandoned’ cars in New York and a small town in California. He found the ‘abandoned’ car in the big city was stripped and vandalised very quickly whereas the one in the small town was left alone. This suggests that the larger the group, the more anonymous the individual is and, consequently, the more extreme the antisocial behaviour becomes. Futhermore, Zimbardo (1963) conducted a study specifically to demonstrate the effects of deindividuation on aggression. Participants were asked to shock a confederate. Some were deindividuated (wore a hood, no names were used and they sat in a dimly lit room) and others were easily identifiable (they wore name tags and sat in a bright room). The findings showed that the deindividuated students administered the most shocks, i. e. were most aggressive, suggesting that deindividuation plays a role in producing anti-social behaviour. However, the major difficulty with using Deindividuation as an explanation for aggression is the fact that it does not always lead to aggression. In some circumstances it can lead to high levels of pro-social behaviour, for example wearing a nurse’s uniform. Overall Evaluation Overall, the Social learning theory can account for the fact that a person’s aggressive behaviour may not be consistent across different situations. It may be reinforced in some situations, but punished in others (context-dependant learning). Furthermore, studies carried out into video games and aggressions are consistent with the Social Learning theory. However, alternative explanations such as the biological explanation (e. g. levels of testosterone are linked to aggressive behaviour) challenge the view that social learning is the primary causal factor in aggression. In addition, the social learning theory is limited in scope because aggression doesn’t just depend on observational learning. This is supported by cross cultural evidence which demonstrates that some aspects of aggression are innate. Effects of environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour Use for: Describe and evaluate research (theories or studies) into the effects of two or more environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour (24 marks) A number of environmental factors have been identified as triggers for aggression. Some of these possible environmental features are temperature, overcrowding and noise.

Jose Rizal: Reaction Paper Essay

Jose Protacio Mercado Alonzo y Realonda Rizal (June 19, 1861 – Dec 30, 1896) Is most venerated and acclaimed patriot in the Philippines recognized for his unselfish contribution in the historical and social transformation in the country, he is one of the National heroes of the Philippines together with Andres Bonifacio. He also writes El Filibusterismo and Noli me Tangere. Rizal as a child was a lover of a Literature arts and wrote a poem named â€Å"Ang aking mga kabata† . Rizal was born from wealthy Family in Calamba, Laguna and Seventh of eleven children of Francisco engracio Rizal and Teodora Alonzo Realonda de Quintos. Rizal had a Spanish and Japanese Ancestors. The grandfather and father of Teodora was a Half Spaniard engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. His maternal great-great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua, a descendant of Japanese settlers. Before he enrolled in Ateneo Municipal de Manila, Paciano Rizal advice Rizal dropped the last three names to make up his full name as â€Å"Jose Protasio Rizal†. Rizal writes â€Å"My family never paid much attention [to our second surname Rizal], but now I had to use it, thus giving me the appearance of an illegitimate child† Rizal first study under Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Binan, Laguna. Before he sent in manila he take entrance examination in Colegio de San Juan de Letran and at age 11, He enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila), earn a Bachelor of Arts diploma and studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, he continued his studies of medicine in Universidad Central de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine, make him eligible to practice medicine. He also attended the University of Paris and earned and second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg. The 25 year-old Rizal he finished eye specialization in 1887 under professor Otto Becker. By 1896 he was arrested en route to Cuba via Spain and imprisoned in Barcelona. He was sent back to manila to stand in trial and imprisoned in Fort Santiago by issued a manifesto. And sentence in death by court martial by Rebillion, sedition and conspiracy. At December 30, 1896 before his execution by the squad of Filipino soldier of Spanish, a backup force of regular Spanish army stood ready to shoot before he was shot he requested to be shot in looking at the  shooter and without a blindfold but they disagree but they agree on without a blindfold. Before be shot he shout his last word â€Å"consummatum est† (â€Å"it is finished) He was secretly buried in Paco cemetery in Manila with no identification on his grave but they mark the site with â€Å"RPJ† his initials in reve rse.. â€Å"He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish† -Jose Rizal – This quotes means if we use our own language to communicate with the same Filipino we will understand what we talk and to share. But we use other language to communicate to other countries to share ideas and talk to them.

Crash Movie Reaction Paper

As I entered Wal-Mart, the lights were bright but not gleaming. The employees were pleasant and working for the most part. Everything was easily accessible. I was not approached by anyone but if you needed help with finding something or you had a question about a product, there was staff available to assist. There were signs on the top of each isle which gives you an idea of the kind of things you can find in that particular isle. The store decor is not particularly pleasing to the eye but bearable none the less. You can pretty much find everything you need in your daily life and more at this store.Quality of products is below average and prices reflect the same. You can get a money order, send money to a loved one, or you can cash your check. Your one stop-shop, as they say. I found the shoppers to be average to below average income level. I also saw some who were pretty well off but are still shopping at a discount store to save money. After all, no matter how much money you have, who doesn’t want more? How do you spot a â€Å"well off† person? The clothes they wear, the handbag they carry, jewelry and things of that nature.I would like to point out that, these folks are not buying clothes or jewelry here, they are here for the everyday things such as groceries, diapers, paper products, cleaning supplies, etc. The average to below average income people also but some of the same things but in addition to that, they also bought clothes and shoes and jewelry. Almost all the people bought their things with a credit card or a debit card. Some people had an access card, which is a government funded welfare program for food. I am assuming (and hoping) that the above average income people did not use or have a need for this.

Proposed marketing research for a specified company (REPORT) Term Paper

Proposed marketing research for a specified company (REPORT) - Term Paper Example People are working in different shifts round the clock and the companies usually provide pick-up and drop facilities to their employees. However, food is a source of concern because, availability of quality food at odd times in hygienic condition at a convenient place is a problem faced by the people working in these companies. This situation presents an opportunity to a growing business in this area for round the clock food supply through a fleet of pick-up vans at different locations at different times where these people can come and collect food on their way to the working places or homes after work or during their lunch breaks. The idea is to avoid setting up of a permanent shop with all the facilities for a business of few hours in a day, and thereby saving costs. In this manner, more number of customers could be serviced at different places by a ‘food van’ and fleet consists of about 6 vans could cover an entire region. This will result into economies of scale in t he business, and cost-efficient and latest technology could be adopted in the production processes. The food vans can also sell bottled drinking water and outsourced snacks as an additional business. Introduction The niche areas in food business offer immense scope for specialization, growth and development to the small and medium sized businesses. The competition in the niche areas is very limited due to localized demand, personalized service required and small investment outlay in project which is not compatible with the growth strategy of big corporate companies. In the current business proposal, the insignificant level of competition, requirement of limited investment and labor, scope for personalized service, specialist experience in the food supply and favorable policies prevailing in respect of financing to SMEs are the attractive features. The profile of the restaurant industry in general and its growth in the recent years could be inferred from the Appendix – I: Rest aurant Performance Index. Background The small and medium enterprises’ role in the economic development of a country on account of its employment generation is very significant. For an economic growth to be sustainable in the long run, it is very important to evaluate the pros and cons of the business opportunity by making marketing survey to ensure sure footing into the business. In the present proposal, three important criteria are involved, apart from identifying the cluster of organizations which are operating in a particular region so that the delivery point for supply of food could be finalized. Firstly, it is important to fix up an appropriate time which coincides with the increased peoples’ movement in the area due to timing of the shifts, shopping malls, market places and the government offices. The second important criteria is to fix up the length of time, the food van has to be stationed in the location to service the maximum number of clients. The third and the most important aspect is the information directly related to the business, such as the age group of the

Research Methodology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Methodology - Assignment Example By factoring the previous occurrences regarding related questions, the research would meet the basic threshold. In additions, the question need to factor aspects of improving on the management approaches of nursing practicum and offering alternatives into future related activities. The issues need documentation majorly those affecting the students, the support staff and supervisors. All the parties within the system need to factor to ensure that there are minimal exaggerations from the students. The questions need an appraisal to obtain data on all stakeholders within the sector, hence providing broad based data with conclusive impact. The approach of factoring all stakeholders would also facilitate and improve reliability and reliability of the research in related environments. Previous studies showing the positive attributes of the nursing practice needed to have informed the study, ensuring better conceptualization of the entire research. Moreover, anxiety and stress does not affe ct all the nursing students as people have varying components and the ability to absorb psychosocial pressures. Therefore, the study should have had informed outcomes with basis on these other relevant documentations of other factors apart from anxiety only. The author has identified the knowledge gap by indicating that the clinical practice plays a significant practical learning process of the nursing students. Therefore, there is a need to document and evaluate the issues affecting this learning process. The gap is that there is little documentation of researches specifically targeting learners in the nursing sector during their placement with an aim of ensuring that issues affecting them are addressed and solutions offered substantively (Maxton, 2008). Previous studies have been on senior level nursing students, but few research reports are based on the findings of the junior level-nursing students. The gap of knowledge should also factor,

Boston Fights Drugs Individual Case Assignment 2 Study

Boston Fights Drugs Individual Assignment 2 - Case Study Example 2. Would you have selected focus groups as your research methodology? Why/Why not? List the pros and cons of using focus groups in this situation, as well as the pros and cons of the other suggested methods in the case For such a sensitive issue, the student group should not have selected a focus group but, rather, they should have chosen the on-on-one interview. While the focus group allows people to exchange ideas, the answers they give could be impacted by peer pressure (Mitchell & Jolley, 2013). For the one-on-one interview, there would have been minimal peer pressure, the participants would have the opportunity to talk more, and could even encourage participants to share information that would have been otherwise not shared in a focus group. However, it is more expensive and requires more time for data collection (Mitchell & Jolley, 2013). The pre-screening questionnaire was devised to ensure broad representation of the entire Boston population, while partially disguising why the focus group was being conducted. Questions required participants to identify their favorite commercials, as well as their take on street violence, attitudes on drugs, and personal habits (Rangan, 1994). The interview protocol acted as a guide to direct the discussion to the researcher’s topics of interests. Given the budgetary and time constraints, the group did well in participant screening. However, this did not allow them to pick focus groups from all Boston neighborhoods as they focused on only four neighborhoods and selected a sole young adult group using the pre-screening questionnaires. In the sampling procedure, the student group sought help from Boston officials to recruit participants from various city community schools. They also divided the population into four groups, which were addicts, active users, recreational users, and non-users (Rangan, 1994). Due to a lack of resources to track all the