Hysteria In The Crucible - 1452 Words

Within Arthur Miller’s award-winning play, The Crucible, there is a constant trend that flows through time. As the tale persists, Salem, Massachusetts gets wound up in the witch hunt of 1692, creating an infectious hysteria on all the villagers. City-wide fear overtakes individual thought and reasoning as well as it can today in America’s â€Å"trivial† matters. The Crucible has many components where the characters experience moments of hysteria. The play introduces the concept of witchcraft where in a Puritan society is strictly forbidden as it goes against all God-like practice. Hysteria is introduced with Abigail Williams, and the other girls, who concoct a lie to prevent themselves from punishment. Abigail lies, â€Å"I want to open myself! . .†¦show more content†¦Hysteria is shown as everyone was afraid of finding the truth so they used a topic of debate to point fingers at. A recent hysteria has spread over the United States as fast as it did in Salem over three-hundred years ago. When people can not understand a negative reaction from the medicine they look towards rumors as answers. An instance is â€Å" most prominently actress and model Jenny McCarthy, who has attributed her son s diagnosis of autism to vaccination,† (Smuskiewicz). There has been a growing number of rumors where parents attribute disorders to vaccines like multiple sclerosis, â€Å"other claims have drawn associations between the hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis,† (Smuskiewicz). All these disorders are known to deal with a weakened immune system, taking advantage of that fact upset parents are talking about â€Å" toxic factors responsible for causing diseases and disabilities† to which doctors have logical counterclaims. Many talk of how those vaccines are used in order to keep the public as a whole protected from the spreading of diseases, but â€Å"...vaccine opponents fail to support their claims with plausible explan ations for the biochemical mechanisms by which vaccines could cause the diseases, disabilities, or deaths that are claimed,† (Smuskiewicz). Experts were able to prove doctors correctly as the proportions of mercury to the vaccine were â€Å"too small† to cause any actual harm over a few minor effects. A multitude ofShow MoreRelatedHysteria and the Crucible1695 Words   |  7 PagesHysteria What is hysteria? By definition, hysteria is a state of intense agitation, anxiety, or excitement, especially as manifested by large groups or segments of society. In a broader sense however, hysteria is a killer, the delitescent devil. More specifically, hysteria was the main cause of nineteen deaths in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, and countless ruined reputations on account of Joe McCarthy. Hysteria does not just appear out of nowhere though. There are driving forces such as revengeRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible1474 Words   |  6 Pagess behavior and thoughts. Hysteria, uncontrollable emotion among groups, is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating a storm of emotions. Everyone wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller us es the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose ofRead MoreHysteria, By The Crucible1230 Words   |  5 PagesHysteria was a major factor in the many accusations of witchcraft that transpired throughout The Crucible. It helps to comprehend what hysteria is--an overwhelming fear and elation that overrides all logic, and is often heightened and augmented by the presence of others who are acting out on that fear as well. Fear is the emotion of being terror-stricken of someone or something that is likely to cause you impairment, pain, or a risk.() In the play, the characters are intolerant of people who doRead MoreTheme Of Hysteria In The Crucible1060 Words   |  5 PagesHysteria, reputation, and fear. All words that sum up the plot of The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. The Crucible is about the Salem witch trials in 1692. Several young girls claim to be afflicted by witchcraft, starting with Reverend Parriss daughter, Betty. The â€Å"afflicted† girls accuse people in the town of witchcraft, often choosing those who they or their families dislike. This leads to hysteria in the town and people being wrongly accused of witchcraft and being hung from it. In The CrucibleRead MoreExamples Of Hysteria In The Crucible1095 Words   |  5 Pages Hysteria is displayed by communities all over the world. It is an important factor in making and especially breaking relationships. In The Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller, hysteria plays an important role of tearing apart the community of Salem by creating an environment where peo ple act on their grudges. It is shown by many of the characters throughout the play as they eventually ruin one another as the book goes on. Mass hysteria negatively affects the lives of people around us. Many thingsRead MoreTheme Of Hysteria In The Crucible909 Words   |  4 Pages Hysteria is an uncontrollable emotion, usually involving a group of people. In the play The Crucible, hysteria is shown throughout many ways. The small Massachusetts Bay Colony forwent many changes over the span of a year. In this religious town, innocent people were martyred, neighbors turned against neighbors, and even the minister became corrupt and turned away from God. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, irony helps to depict hysteria in the town of Salem through the Theocracy of the town, theRead MoreExamples Of Hysteria In The Crucible1048 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are many cases of mass hysteria just like long ago. In the book John Proctor says a quote that hits big time for mass hysteria, he says â€Å"God is dead† while laughing insanely, and if that does not cause mass hysteria then nothing does. In The Crucible, many are tested with regards to their faith and put on trial for witchcraft. In this play, nineteen are hanged and one is pressed to death for the crime of being a witch, for that being John Proctor. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses McCarthyismRead MoreThe Effects Of Hysteria In The Crucible1489 Words   |  6 Pagescountless number of elements can be accounted for. Hysteria is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating storms of emotion. Everyone is wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose of using it in his writingRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible Analysis827 Words   |  4 Pages18th century, Salem had witness one of the most appalling, unforgivable and unjust executions that would leave a forever lasting stain on the human history. The crucible, by Arthur Miller depicts how hysteria, political injustice and prejudice began the historical ‘witch hunt’ which resulted 19 innocents killed. Two centuries later hysteria, political injustice and prejudice have again affected the lives of three innocent teenagers, Damien Echols (18), Jessie Misskelly (17), and Jason Baldwin (16)Read MoreThe Crucible: Hysteria and Injustice1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crucible: Hysteria and Injustice Thesis Statement: The purpose is to educate and display to the reader the hysteria and injustice that can come from a group of people that thinks its doing the right thing for society in relation to The Crucible by Arthur Miller. I. Introduction: The play is based on the real life witch hunts that occurred in the late 1600s in Salem, Massachusetts. It shows the peoples fear of what they felt was the Devils work and shows how a small group of powerful

Cardiovascular Diseases A Health Challenge - 946 Words

Cardiovascular diseases continues to be a lingering health challenge globally (WHO, 2014) and also in the United States (CDC, 2014). Major efforts are geared towards tackling this health challenge; reducing the disease burden, addressing the underlying factors, as well as the risk factors. Preventing the onset of cardiovascular disease is the best approach and education is the most formidable tool for achieving the best results. For some individuals however, who already have cardiovascular diseases, treating and managing it, is the next best option and the tool for empowerment and proper management is education as well. Purpose Cardiovascular diseases occurs in many different forms, many of which can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014) and the tool for achieving this is by health education campaigns. Health education attempts to inform individuals and various populations and influence their behaviors towards healthier lifestyle choices aimed at an improved and healthier population (Minelli Breckon, 2009). As identified in the preceding paper, certain behavioral factors contribute to cardiovascular diseases, they include; tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, high sodium/salt intake and harmful use of alcohol (WHO, 2014). Thus, the aim of this educational campaign is to influence adoption of a healthy diet by reducing sodium content in food, as well as adopting physical activity (exercise) so as to reduce chances ofShow MoreRelatedCardiovascular Diseases : A Global Health Challenge949 Words   |  4 PagesCardiovascular diseases continue to be a ling ering global health challenge (WHO, 2014) as well as in the United States (CDC, 2014). Major efforts are geared towards tackling this health challenge; reducing the disease burden, addressing the underlying factors, as well as the risk factors. Preventing the onset of cardiovascular disease is the best approach and education is the most formidable tool for achieving the best results. For some individuals, however, who already have cardiovascular diseasesRead MoreCardiovascular Disease : A Global Health Challenge That Has Affected Developed And Developing Countries Alike794 Words   |  4 Pages Cardiovascular disease is a global health challenge that has affected developed and developing countries alike. It is the leading cause of mortality globally (WHO, 2014) and in the United States (CDC, 2014). It used to be prevalent in developed countries, however, changes in behavior and lifestyle patterns in developing countries has also caused an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. This is referred to by Walley Wright (2010) as the epidemiologic transition. Cardiovascular diseasesRead MoreIndia s Health Issues Of India1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has experienced positive progress. Despite the manufacturing success, India still faces major health issues. Some of the country’s primary health problems are malaria, malnutrition/over nutrition, and cardiovascular disease. These health concerns come from poor sanitation and fresh water in different locations in India, without the proper sanitation and preventive measures there will always be health issues amon g the country’s people. Before we get into our topics, let’s touch briefly on the overallRead MoreCardiovascular Diseases Are Prominent Health Issues762 Words   |  4 PagesCardiovascular diseases are prominent health issues in Jamaica, causing increased deaths and huge costs for the society. According to WHO, about 17 million deaths have been recorded from cardiovascular diseases and 32 million people are suffering from heart stroke every year (Madu E., 2014). The primary risk factors which associated with the CVDs are unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol consumption, increased use of tobacco and physical inactivity. These risk factors can control by promotion of healthyRead MoreChallenges Facing the UAE Health Care System849 Words   |  3 Pagesand faces a lot of challenges as other young societies. Those challenges have a great impact on the country development and prosperity regarding different aspects. One of these aspects is the health care system. No doubt that these challenges do not affect U AE alone but it also have an effect on other countries all over the world. In my paper, I will specify challenges affecting the health care system in the United Arab Emirates. Let us spot the light on the development of health care system in UAERead MoreAir Pollution1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand more industrialized over the past century. However, many fail to realize the threat that air pollution emissions pose to human health. As humans continue to buy gasoline for the excessive amount of cars that are driven on a daily basis, create waste from factories, using coal and biomass fuels to power their daily lives, they will continue to put their own health at risk. China, a developing country, continues to emit tons of indoor and outdoor air pollution. The United States, a developed countryRead MoreAir Pollution Effect On The Respiratory System And The Cardiovascular System1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Respiratory System and the Cardiovascular System Air pollution is everywhere in today’s society from vehicles power plants, industries, and even forest fires. These pollutants are either manmade or from natural sources. No matter where they come from one thing they have in common is that these different kinds of pollutants are harmful to people’s health. Air pollutants affect the body’s organ systems causing damage, especially to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Air pollution contributesRead MoreWomen and Heart Disease Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The topic I will explore is heart disease in women. The question, what do healthcare providers need to know about cardiovascular disease in women and how their symptoms and presentation differ from men will be discussed. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men in the Western world. Nearly 1 million cardiovascular related deaths a year are women. Many women’s risk factors go unrecognized and untreated by their primary care physician (Pregler et al., 2009)Read MoreCardiovascular Diseases1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthe risk of certain disease. There are several arguments contrary to genomic research and some are supporting it. For instance The Director of Cancer genetics center at Johns Hopkins university says â€Å"it may become one important determination in patient care, but certainly not the only one† [source]. Several studies doubts that genomic research providing any extra information about the possibility of getting common diseases, in cluding heart disease and stroke, since such a disease also involves one’sRead MoreDefining Overweight And Obesity : Bmi Interpretation1475 Words   |  6 Pagesat a normal or healthy weight, adults with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered to be overweight, and adults with a BMI of 30 or higher are considered obese. †¢ What challenges do people face in trying to lose weight, even when they know the health risks? Not easy for them to take weight off, even though they know the health risks they are unable to change their eating behaviors, especially during family and friend gatherings. One of the ladies in the video said she had tried everything (diets)

Leadership Dichotomy Leading and Managing People

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Dichotomy for Leading and Managing People. Answer: Introduction: Thatcherachieved the political, social and economic influenceover the economy and its peoplethat made her well-known in the history. She was a dominant politician, reinforced the strategies by tending to the issues of the personal life, and took up critical questions as acquisition. One of the stylistic features of her was the apparent cognitive simplicity that focused mainly on the actions. The leadership of Thatcher taught that the women are not resistant to distorting (Bhatt and Kesari 2015, p.5). She had all the characteristics of a charismatic leader. She was strong and successful because of her personal qualities, was good at communication and had proper knowledge of what she wanted(Fontana and Parsons 2015, p.26). He was the onewhodevelopedthe concept of satyagrahawith ahimsa, which is a philosophy of nonviolent resistance. He advocated self-reliance in order to achieve the independence from the British rule. He solely believed in the equality of people and opposed racial discrimination. Gandhi did not follow only one particular leadership style to lead the people. In order to achieve the goals, Gandhi protested against the British and refused the use of British goods such as clothes and salt. He took up measures such as fasting to ensure the achievement of the goals. Although he showed different qualities in the different scenarios, he was an ethical charismatic leader and was driven by high moral values and code of conducts (Rao 2015, p.11). He faced the opposition, resisted and persisted in the non-violence against British. Although, he fought against the British, he never supported hating his enemies. According to his psychology, the employees can be conquered with love. Gandhi had interna l locus of control that helped him to inspire and convince the mass by reasoning(Dutta 2016, p.2). Angela Merkel is the most powerful womenin the politicswho is remarkably uncommunicative for the politics of the modern times. Merkeldominates the German politics by implementing transformational leadership. She has always defended her decisions open to German. She fights against her own party in the parliament while she is extremely supported by her rival parties (Van Esch 2014, p.61). It can be therefore stated that she was more or less transformational. Merkel expressed the conditionality in her leadership. Her response regarding the recent election of Trump showed an attempt at re-integrative shaming. References Bhatt, S. and Kesari, N., 2015. Leadership Dichotomy: Women are more Efficacious in Working with Diverse People. [Accessed from https://oaji.net/articles/2015/1170-1443789889.pdf] Dutta, M., 2016. Leadership in International Perspective. [Accessed from https://irjet.net/archives/V3/i11/IRJET-V3I11291.pdf] Fontana, C. and Parsons, C., 2015. One Woman's Prejudice: Did Margaret Thatcher Cause Britain's Anti?Europeanism?.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,53(1), pp.89-105. [Accessed from https://publish.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1968context=honorstheses] Rao, M.S., 2015. Spot Your Leadership StyleBuild Your Leadership Brand.The Journal of Values-Based Leadership,8(1), p.11. [Accessed from https://irjet.net/archives/V3/i11/IRJET-V3I11291.pdf] Van Esch, F., 2014. A matter of personality? Stability and change in EU leaders beliefs during the Euro crisis.Making public policy decisions: Expertise, skills, and experience, pp.53-76. [Accessed from https://www.transcrisis.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Alexander_LewisChapter-Van-EschDEF.pdf]

Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Essay Example

Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Paper Abstraction Spices are merchandises of aromatic workss that grow chiefly in the Torrid Zones. The word â€Å"spices† besides includes merchandise that are more exactly called herbs. aromatic seeds or flavoring blends. Spices like Allium sativum ( Allium sativum ) . ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) . Piper nigrum ( Piper nigrum ) . onion ( Allium cepa ) has been the most common spice in our vicinity. A group of immature research workers were interested to set up a survey on what spices could lend to the day-to-day lives of the people. Their intent is to bring forth extremist pesticide from garongin and happen out if the pesticide produced is comparable to the commercial 1 in footings of efficaciously to kill plagues and a good beginning of an organic pesticide with an low-cost monetary value. particularly to the husbandmans which can barely afford the commercial 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The research workers prepared all the ingredients that were needed. They chopped the Allium sativum. sliced the onion. minced the ginger. and oppress the Piper nigrum into pulverization signifier. Then the spices were added into a glass of H2O and assorted it exhaustively. Last. the mixture was placed into a pesticide spray container. Garongin pesticide and the commercial one – specifically Malathion – has high quality but they differ in pertinence. The commercial pesticide is expensive. harmful to human. makes the dirt acidic and pollutes the land H2O while Garongin is inexpensive. environmental friendly and non-pollutant. The undertaking itself can be a merchandise of industry and resourcefulness of research workers in happening ways to devour spices and avoids fouling our environment.

Grandmas Light Bread †Theology Essay

Grandmas Light Bread – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Grandma’s Light Bread Theology Essay Grandma’s light bread would melt in your mouth. In the 1950’s, rural electric had not yet reached our part of the countryside. As kerosene lamps gave a golden glow in the kitchen, I’d watch grandma mix and kneed the bread dough, put it in pans, and then set them aside to rise overnight. At daybreak she would fire up the wood cook stove and bake the bread until the top crust was shining and golden. I could hardly wait for a couple of slices of grandma’s light bread spread with home churned butter and, perhaps, a spoon of wild comb honey or a dollop of blackberry jelly. Those were the days when bread was bread. Grandma would occasionally make Hot Cross Buns with a cross on the top of each one. I later discovered that during Lent or Easter many English women would put a cross on buns made with cinnamon or spices to remind them of Jesus’ death on the cross. I remember learning to play the flute-phone (now called a recorder) while in grade school. One of the songs that we learned to play was entitled â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†. If the ACLU had been around or known of the significance of those â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†, I imagine that they would have had a fit. They, like many others, despise the cross. One day Jesus miraculously fed over 5,000 people with only five barley loaves of bread and two small fish. There were 12 baskets of bread left over. I would have liked to have had a piece of that bread that was blessed by Jesus. (John 6:1-15) Not long afterwards a crowd of people sought out Jesus. They asked, â€Å"What will you do for us? After all, our ancestors ate manna while they journeyed in the wilderness! As the scriptures say, ‘Moses gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ â€Å"Jesus answered, â€Å"I assure you, Moses didn’t give them bread from heaven. My Father did. And now he offers you the true bread from heaven. The bread of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world’† (John 6:30-35). Bread is called the â€Å"Staff of Life†. Good whole grained bread is a building block to a healthy body. The Bread of Life is indispensable for eternal, spiritual life. Let’s consider three aspects of the Bread of Life. First – It is WONDER BREAD! Jesus declared, â€Å"I am the bread of life . . . No one who comes to me will ever be hungry again† (John 6:35-36). There is a soul hunger in all of us. Only Jesus can satisfy that soul hunger. Do you feel empty – that there is something lacking in your life? Someone once gave me a business card that read, â€Å"If you don’t like the way the cookie crumbles – Try the Bread of Life – Jesus.† Jesus is the true Wonder Bread. Isaiah prophesied, â€Å"For a child is born to us, a son is given to us . . . And he will be called ‘Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace’† (Isaiah 9:6). My grandmother cannot give me anymore of her wonderful light bread. She is dead. Moses is dead. But Jesus – the Bread of Life – is alive! He arose victorious over death, hell, and the grave. Jesus says, â€Å"I am the true bread from heaven. Anyone who eats this bread will live forever and not die as your ancestors did, even though they ate manna.† We eat the true Bread of Life by receiving him and His sacrifice on the cross by faith. (Ephesians 2:8-9) Second – THE WILL OF GOD is true bread. One day Jesus sat down by a well of water in Samaria. The disciples went into the village to buy bread for lunch. Jesus ministered to a woman who was soul hungry and thirsty. (John 4) When the disciples returned, they offered Jesus some food to eat. But he told them that he had already eaten. The disciples were puzzled. Jesus said, â€Å"My food is to do the will of Him who sent me and to finish His work.† There is soul satisfaction and spiritual nourishment in doing God’s will. Jesus said, â€Å"For I have come down from heaven to do the will of God who sent me and not to do what I want . . . For it is my Father’s will that all who see His Son and believe in Him should have eternal life† (John 6:38-40). Do you seek God’s will as your daily bread? Third – THE WORD OF GOD is bread indeed. At the Temptation of Christ, Jesus answered Satan, â€Å"It is written, ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God† (Matthew 4:4). (Deuteronomy 8:3; Isaiah 55) True nourishment comes from feasting on the living Word of God and on Jesus and His sacrifice. â€Å"This bread is my flesh offered so the world may live† (John 6:50-51). My grandma’s light bread was only temporal. Jesus the Bread of Life gives eternal life and real nourishment and satisfaction. Feast on Him today. â€Å"But as many as received Him to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name† (John 1:12). Grandma’s Light Bread Grandma’s light bread would melt in your mouth. In the 1950’s, rural electric had not yet reached our part of the countryside. As kerosene lamps gave a golden glow in the kitchen, I’d watch grandma mix and kneed the bread dough, put it in pans, and then set them aside to rise overnight. At daybreak she would fire up the wood cook stove and bake the bread until the top crust was shining and golden. I could hardly wait for a couple of slices of grandma’s light bread spread with home churned butter and, perhaps, a spoon of wild comb honey or a dollop of blackberry jelly. Those were the days when bread was bread. Grandma would occasionally make Hot Cross Buns with a cross on the top of each one. I later discovered that during Lent or Easter many English women would put a cross on buns made with cinnamon or spices to remind them of Jesus’ death on the cross. I remember learning to play the flute-phone (now called a recorder) while in grade school. One of the songs that we learned to play was entitled â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†. If the ACLU had been around or known of the significance of those â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†, I imagine that they would have had a fit. They, like many others, despise the cross. One day Jesus miraculously fed over 5,000 people with only five barley loaves of bread and two small fish. There were 12 baskets of bread left over. I would have liked to have had a piece of that bread that was blessed by Jesus. (John 6:1-15) Not long afterwards a crowd of people sought out Jesus. They asked, â€Å"What will you do for us? After all, our ancestors ate manna while they journeyed in the wilderness! As the scriptures say, ‘Moses gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ â€Å"Jesus answered, â€Å"I assure you, Moses didn’t give them bread from heaven. My Father did. And now he offers you the true bread from heaven. The bread of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world’† (John 6:30-35). Bread is called the â€Å"Staff of Life†. Good whole grained bread is a building block to a healthy body. The Bread of Life is indispensable for eternal, spiritual life. Let’s consider three aspects of the Bread of Life. First – It is WONDER BREAD! Jesus declared, â€Å"I am the bread of life . . . No one who comes to me will ever be hungry again† (John 6:35-36). There is a soul hunger in all of us. Only Jesus can satisfy that soul hunger. Do you feel empty – that there is something lacking in your life? Someone once gave me a business card that read, â€Å"If you don’t like the way the cookie crumbles – Try the Bread of Life – Jesus.† Jesus is the true Wonder Bread. Isaiah prophesied, â€Å"For a child is born to us, a son is given to us . . . And he will be called ‘Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace’† (Isaiah 9:6). My grandmother cannot give me anymore of her wonderful light bread. She is dead. Moses is dead. But Jesus – the Bread of Life – is alive! He arose victorious over death, hell, and the grave. Jesus says, â€Å"I am the true bread from heaven. Anyone who eats this bread will live forever and not die as your ancestors did, even though they ate manna.† We eat the true Bread of Life by receiving him and His sacrifice on the cross by faith. (Ephesians 2:8-9) Second – THE WILL OF GOD is true bread. One day Jesus sat down by a well of water in Samaria. The disciples went into the village to buy bread for lunch. Jesus ministered to a woman who was soul hungry and thirsty. (John 4) When the disciples returned, they offered Jesus some food to eat. But he told them that he had already eaten. The disciples were puzzled. Jesus said, â€Å"My food is to do the will of Him who sent me and to finish His work.† There is soul satisfaction and spiritual nourishment in doing God’s will. Jesus said, â€Å"For I have come down from heaven to do the will of God who sent me and not to do what I want . . . For it is my Father’s will that all who see His Son and believe in Him should have eternal life† (John 6:38-40). Do you seek God’s will as your daily bread? Third – THE WORD OF GOD is bread indeed. At the Temptation of Christ, Jesus answered Satan, â€Å"It is written, ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God† (Matthew 4:4). (Deuteronomy 8:3; Isaiah 55) True nourishment comes from feasting on the living Word of God and on Jesus and His sacrifice. â€Å"This bread is my flesh offered so the world may live† (John 6:50-51). My grandma’s light bread was only temporal. Jesus the Bread of Life gives eternal life and real nourishment and satisfaction. Feast on Him today. â€Å"But as many as received Him to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name† (John 1:12). Grandma’s Light Bread Grandma’s light bread would melt in your mouth. In the 1950’s, rural electric had not yet reached our part of the countryside. As kerosene lamps gave a golden glow in the kitchen, I’d watch grandma mix and kneed the bread dough, put it in pans, and then set them aside to rise overnight. At daybreak she would fire up the wood cook stove and bake the bread until the top crust was shining and golden. I could hardly wait for a couple of slices of grandma’s light bread spread with home churned butter and, perhaps, a spoon of wild comb honey or a dollop of blackberry jelly. Those were the days when bread was bread. Grandma would occasionally make Hot Cross Buns with a cross on the top of each one. I later discovered that during Lent or Easter many English women would put a cross on buns made with cinnamon or spices to remind them of Jesus’ death on the cross. I remember learning to play the flute-phone (now called a recorder) while in grade school. One of the songs that we learned to play was entitled â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†. If the ACLU had been around or known of the significance of those â€Å"Hot Cross Buns†, I imagine that they would have had a fit. They, like many others, despise the cross. One day Jesus miraculously fed over 5,000 people with only five barley loaves of bread and two small fish. There were 12 baskets of bread left over. I would have liked to have had a piece of that bread that was blessed by Jesus. (John 6:1-15) Not long afterwards a crowd of people sought out Jesus. They asked, â€Å"What will you do for us? After all, our ancestors ate manna while they journeyed in the wilderness! As the scriptures say, ‘Moses gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ â€Å"Jesus answered, â€Å"I assure you, Moses didn’t give them bread from heaven. My Father did. And now he offers you the true bread from heaven. The bread of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world’† (John 6:30-35). Bread is called the â€Å"Staff of Life†. Good whole grained bread is a building block to a healthy body. The Bread of Life is indispensable for eternal, spiritual life. Let’s consider three aspects of the Bread of Life. First – It is WONDER BREAD! Jesus declared, â€Å"I am the bread of life . . . No one who comes to me will ever be hungry again† (John 6:35-36). There is a soul hunger in all of us. Only Jesus can satisfy that soul hunger. Do you feel empty – that there is something lacking in your life? Someone once gave me a business card that read, â€Å"If you don’t like the way the cookie crumbles – Try the Bread of Life – Jesus.† Jesus is the true Wonder Bread. Isaiah prophesied, â€Å"For a child is born to us, a son is given to us . . . And he will be called ‘Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace’† (Isaiah 9:6). My grandmother cannot give me anymore of her wonderful light bread. She is dead. Moses is dead. But Jesus – the Bread of Life – is alive! He arose victorious over death, hell, and the grave. Jesus says, â€Å"I am the true bread from heaven. Anyone who eats this bread will live forever and not die as your ancestors did, even though they ate manna.† We eat the true Bread of Life by receiving him and His sacrifice on the cross by faith. (Ephesians 2:8-9) Second – THE WILL OF GOD is true bread. One day Jesus sat down by a well of water in Samaria. The disciples went into the village to buy bread for lunch. Jesus ministered to a woman who was soul hungry and thirsty. (John 4) When the disciples returned, they offered Jesus some food to eat. But he told them that he had already eaten. The disciples were puzzled. Jesus said, â€Å"My food is to do the will of Him who sent me and to finish His work.† There is soul satisfaction and spiritual nourishment in doing God’s will. Jesus said, â€Å"For I have come down from heaven to do the will of God who sent me and not to do what I want . . . For it is my Father’s will that all who see His Son and believe in Him should have eternal life† (John 6:38-40). Do you seek God’s will as your daily bread? Third – THE WORD OF GOD is bread indeed. At the Temptation of Christ, Jesus answered Satan, â€Å"It is written, ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God† (Matthew 4:4). (Deuteronomy 8:3; Isaiah 55) True nourishment comes from feasting on the living Word of God and on Jesus and His sacrifice. â€Å"This bread is my flesh offered so the world may live† (John 6:50-51). My grandma’s light bread was only temporal. Jesus the Bread of Life gives eternal life and real nourishment and satisfaction. Feast on Him today. â€Å"But as many as received Him to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name† (John 1:12). 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Case Study Outline Method

Case Study Outline Method Case Study Outline Method Writers around the world have extensively used the signpost outline to logically structure their books, especially novels and stories. The signpost outline helps writers treat each scene as a separate entity, which in turn increases their effectiveness in describing and organizing the story besides keeping eye on the big picture. A typical signpost outline used by novelists around the world has the following format: scene number and short description; setting; characters; plot. The good news is that as a student, you can adapt and use the signpost outline to turn your case study into a great paper. How? Well, signposting actually divides a case study into logical and easily manageable sections with separate headings and subheadings. Moreover, it calls for the placement of relevant phrases and words throughout the write-up, so the reader can easily read and understand the content and context of your case study. The signpost outline for a case study starts with an introduction, which is then followed by the main arguments highlighted by paragraphs, headings and subheadings. At the end of the case study comes the conclusion, but the arguments between the introduction and conclusion have to be reader friendly and engaging enough to rationally guide the reader throughout the study. To achieve this, you need to use connecting words and phrases to create linkage between the viewpoints, sentences and sections of your case study. One of the advantages of using this outline is that it will give you enough room to see the big picture and evaluate your ideas for their richness, convincing power and sustainability. It is important for the signpost outline, however, that you prepare the ground for the fundamentals ahead of time. Do not go into the specifics at this point, but simply see where you want to take the study, what you want to achieve with it and how you will organize it. Details will be added during the drafting phase. Introduction Introduce the case study by throwing light on what the study is about. Make sure to open it with an interesting perspective. If there are a range of problems you’d like to address, use words like firstly, secondly etc. to divide the problems into logical parts and tell the reader what you are going to address in the paragraphs to follow. Case Study Body: Paragraphs and Sections Make sure that the paragraphs and sections are logical extensions of what you said in the introduction. You can divide each problem/major topic into dedicated sections with separate headings, or you can make separate, dedicated paragraphs. Some of the words you can use to create linkages between sentence, paragraphs, and sections, include the following: if you want to add extra ideas, use words like furthermore, additionally, moreover etc.; if you want to make comparisons, use words like comparatively, relatively, otherwise etc.; if you want to make something evident, use words like obviously, because and certainly etc.; if you want to emphasize something, use words like absolutely, apparently, unavoidably, irrefutably. While summing up the sections and paragraphs, make sure to highlight the evidences. For example, you can use sentences like: it is proved that; hence it is clear that; what makes this approach effective is the fact that. Conclusion The conclusion of your case study will summarize all the important point of the study. To make the conclusion even more compelling, make sure to include your recommended solutions for the problems. For example you can say things like: as it is evident from the study that; this study makes it clear that the most important factors are; in order to resolve problem A, it is recommended that; this study concludes that; on the basis of the evidences narrated in this study, it is suggested that; it has been established that. The signpost outline has the potential to make your case study shine and turn it into an A grade paper. The outline is flexible, meaning that you can adapt it according to your specific requirements and situation. Good luck with it! Also, you can enjoy professionalism of our custom case study writing service.

Legalization of Marijuana for medical use (persuasive research paper ) Essay - 1

Legalization of Marijuana for medical use (persuasive research paper ) - Essay Example As Sages has it: â€Å"If you think legalizing medical marijuana would be a Reefer Madness-style catastrophe for society, dont tell Oregon grandmother Stormy Ray. For Ray, who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1985, Oregons legalization meant something entirely different: Instead of being forced to use a harsh, legal medication-one that left her in a constant haze-she can now gain pain relief much more easily. Medical marijuana, she says, ‘has literally saved my life.’† (Sager 1999, np) That is why, even though the legalization of marijuana for medical use has such obvious disadvantages as the emergence of side effects from its use, many researchers claim that marijuana should be fully legalized as doctors can use it as painkillers and antiemetic, it has excellent quality/price ratio, and its full legalization will bring additional money to the budget. Marijuana can help people suffering from depression or migraine. However, marijuana has its side effects: e.g. the patients who are taking this substance are not recommended to perform tasks demanding particularly focused attention because they are likely to have coordination problems and slow reaction. Whereas many people get into the state of euphoria after taking marijuana, others might feel panic or experience hallucinations. Notwithstanding these possible side effects, the use of marijuana for medical purposes can be justified because marijuana can effectively be used as a painkiller and antiemetic, and its value for money is excellent and much better than of many other drugs. On the other side there are people who object to the legalization of marijuana, even for the medical purposes, and they claim that the legalization might result in an increase in the number of drug addicts. It is not a secret that some of those people who are addicted to cocaine, heroine or other â€Å"heavy† substances began as merely marijuana smokers. It is important to consider how the legalization of

When is a car a commodity, and when is it a work of art Essay

When is a car a commodity, and when is it a work of art - Essay Example ogical developments, for example, one of the most significant inventions that revolutionized man’s means of transportation is the manufacture of automobiles. Automobile manufacturers have used the latest developments in technology to ensure that passengers are protected and kept ultimately in safe condition while travelling. In addition, technology is heading for the discovery of cost efficient and safe automobiles utilizing alternative fuels to run them. In this regard, the essay aims to determine and differentiate when a car is a commodity, and when is it a work of art. The term "commodity" is qualified as an industrial product sold by a large corporation to a mass public; and of course, a work of art is defined by the Free Dictionary (2010) as â€Å"the conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colors, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty, specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium† (pa r. 2). The article written by John Urry entitled The ‘System’ of Automobility clearly classified cars as commodities with automobility comprising six components, to wit: (1) manufactured object; (2) individual consumption; (3) contains complex structures of â€Å"technical and social interlinkages with other industries, car parts and accessories† (Urry, 26); (4) a global form of mobility; (5) a form of cultural expression; (6) â€Å"the single most important cause of environmental resource-use† (Urry, 26). All elements point to the car as being an industrial product being mass produced globally. In fact, Urry cited that there had been â€Å"one billion cars manufactured during the last century† (Urry, 25), making it the most significant commodity that drastically changed man’s way of life. As a commodity, cars are driven by consumers to serve basic purpose of transportation. Families use vans to commute each day just to routinely go to their jobs, without actually caring about the car they

Medical and Environmental Electronic Devices Corporation Essay Example for Free

Medical and Environmental Electronic Devices Corporation Essay Background Medical and Environmental Electronic devices corporation was founded in 1959. Initially the core business was related to applications in medical device technology. The company started new business of Environmental control applications and achieved its current name in 1964. By 1979, MEED achieved 31% market share in its market area. MEED’s competitors had only 20% and11% shares. MEED has headquarters 21 countries around the world including Westland and Michigan. Integrated Circuit Group was set up MEED to meet its need for the customized circuits as semi-conductor industry is shrinking due to the backward integration of major competitors, redirections and acquisitions. Hallmarks of MEED culture were ambiguity, freedom, flexibility, risk taking and a supportive attitude towards employees. There was no formal planning in MEED or even firs loosely coordinated companywide plan was undertaken in 1980. Sales were growing at 30% per year for t he last five years, topped $1 billion in 1979. Profits for 1979 were $107 million. Tom Duglass is the manager of MEED since 1977. ICG is experiencing a shortage of human resource and is only providing 5-8% of MEED’s annual demand. New plant set by ICG is also experiencing problem in startup. The HRD Department headed by Barbara Hamlin is unable to fulfill their duty of providing the human resource which is required for the sound working of ICG. Employee’s profile Tom Douglas Group manager Dom Raffaelli Manager, ICG Advanced design Les Hogan Manager, ICG material Kenny Lash Manager of operations, ICG plant Barbara Hamlin Director, Human Resource Development and planning Qualitative facts The Jackson Michigan, manufacturing plant, which began operation in July 1979, was still experiencing difficulties in start-up and it was now the beginning of 1980. Barbara Hamlin in HRDP position was in charge for the forecast of the IC Groups human resource needs, with special attention to professional and managerial personnel and to design and implement programs to meet those needs. MEED designed, manufactured, sold and serviced complex medical and environmental control systems. The labor market was exceedingly tight for exempt employees, especially the highly trained engineers critical too ICGs work. MEEDs culture was unstructured, informal; make it happen, rapid growth, positive approach towards people. There was no emphasis on formal planning Douglas sought to reorient ICG recruiting toward meeting needs with existing employees and recent college graduates. Given the MEED culture, it was also unreasonable to except that any one program manager would remain long enough to see one component through its entire life. Materials acquisition function was divided into two groups an operation group that focused on such functions as production purchasing and a strategic group that deal with the commodity managements, IC Group manufacturing and custom projects. In the past a buyer in the operations group could become a supervisor in operations, now a buyer had the additional option of staying with the acquisition but moving to a job in a strategic group The greater attention to manpower planning might have led MEED to locate ICG closer to the major sources of trained engineers, or perhaps even to recast its plan to enter the semiconductor industry. Employee mobility need at MEED also made planning difficult. According to  personnel policy, an exempt employee was considered movable after he or she had been in a job for one year. Bosses and subord inates found it difficult to conduct regular performance appraisals; they were supposed to be conducted at least once a year as part of an employees salary review. Quantitative facts Medical and Environmental Electronic Devices Corporation was founded in 1959 Sales, growing at more than 30% per year for the last five years, topped $1 billion in 1979; profiles for 1979 were $107 million. The goal was to ensure that by FY1985, 50% of professional hires would be new college graduates. At the beginning of 1980, Ambrose’s group had openings for two out of five supervisory positions, and 13 out of 37 subordinate engineering slots. In 1980, ICG had 623 employees (plus 8 staff personnel), and 106 open positions to be filed. Annual turnover, while not high by industry standards, was running close to 10% among exempt and 20% among non exempts. The average number of employees for 1979 totaled 24,900 and another were expected to be hired as MEED continued its rapid growth during fiscal 1980. Starting as an idea and a group of 5 people in 1972, ICG had 66 people in 1975, but began its real growth in 1977, reaching 448 employees at the beginning of fiscal year 1980. ICG was only manufacturing 5% to 8% of MEEDS semiconductor needs instead of the 20% planned. It took about 3 years of work at ICG for a college graduate be fully trained, but by working with these colleges to develop programs and by providing equipment and dollar donations, ICG hoped to shorten on-the-job training to 1-1/2 years. A week lost could mean approximately $100,000 lost in profit before taxes for MEED. Core Problem The main issue that MEED was facing was that there was an urgent need that there was no formal planning due to which there was a need for the company to make a proper amendments in HRM of the company and to make policies and procedures and implement them effectively as there was a shortage of Human Resource management at all levels at MEED. They were not having specialized engineers and managers in the required numbers is affecting the corporation. There was a significant problem in attracting engineers capable of the state of the art work that ICG technology demanded. The option of simply hiring  in good people now met resistance from those who pointed out that there were no free slots for these people until the growth actually took place. An estimation was made that IC group’s exempt attrition would rise to an average of 15% per year and non exempt to 35% unless the group improved its recruitment, career development, performance, appraisals and promotion practices. ICG would need 241 hires in order to bring the employee total up to the target for the end of FY 1980. If we look at the exhibits 4 and 5 it could be observed that Barbara is at a very lower level in the hierarchy, and is given vey less authority. If a separate HR department is created with giving all HR responsibilities to the HR department than possibly all most the problems could be solved. Other problems Recommendations Repositioning of Barbara Hamlin in organizational structure We think that she should report directly to Dave Bertram, the president of MEED’s to minimize the distortion between them and Barbara can stamp the authority and she will not have to take approvals from group heads. She is the one who have identified the problems in the system so she should be able to exercise authority so she can solve the problems. Having the backing of the president of MEED’s, people will know that she is a credible source of high authority and she should be followed. Once there is clarity in chain of command, then Barbara should concentrate in making of new human resource department which will include recruitment and selection, compensation and appraisal, training and development which is not addressed in the company till now. Hiring the right people Problem of ICG can be solved as there is low performance by the managers and engineers are working as managers and company don’t have to hire right workforce and as a result they are performing at the top level. Supply of efficient workforce is also limited; that is also one of the reasons engineers are working as managers. Moreover, it is told in the case study that other companies have made collaborations with universities and they  hire their technical staff and engineers automatically after they graduate. It is best for both student and company because student will get job immediately after he graduates and company can get fresh graduates that are fit for the organization. In exhibit 8, it is written â€Å"at institutes, we work with real projects†; that means student can get a taste of professional life and projects even when they are students. Good compensation to retain employees The employment industry of China is very competitive. In order to get best results in the company, company should be able to retain the right employees who are worth it. HR department should make organized and intelligent decision in retaining particular employees. As it is written in the case that giving $1000 a month and working for 20 years has become a standard of industry. Other than that, when an individual leaves the job, he or she gets a 30% pay rise on an average; that means when labor in the market start doing job hopping it will take employees pays up automatically. Standardize the operating procedure The first and foremost step that Barbara needs to take is that she should make procedure same for everyone. For e.g. in this case it was written that managers thought HRD is just for training the employees. So, Barbara should start working and should make everything formal including job analysis, job description, training development and compensation plans. Employees should have awareness of HR department of the company and employees should know clearly that what are they required to do. Once HR department comes in and take steps to make things formal; then company’s environment will also become professional as it is desired by HR department. Training and development Company is not very serious about the training of the employees as position of management development is vacant from some time. Training is only given to manufacturing department in the company but it should be also offered to the designing department of the company. Training of design department will lead to more innovative designs and less flaws in the system. Exit interviews When an employees is leaving the company; he just have to go but one thing that company can do extra is the exit interviews; as company can get a new point of view of the employee about the flaws of the company and how they can be improved. Cause of leaving company should be asked from the employees that also point out significant errors in the company’s operations. Analysis of exhibits If we compare FY80, 81 and the current year in association to number of employees (exempt and non exempt) to the departments (advanced design, manufacturing and material) it could be clearly seen that currently there is a decrease in the number of employees in comparison to the year 80 and 81.Currently there are 6 managers in advanced design, 11 in manufacturing and 6 in material, where as in the FY 1980 there were 30 managers and 1981 there were 47. Moreover, in the advanced design there are currently 97 employees with 116 in 1980 and 150 in 1981. In manufacturing currently 322, 1980 there were 564 and in 1981 there were 854. In the materials currently they have 204 employees in comparison to 1980 where there were 266 and in 1981 there were 425. Overall a decrease in number of employees could be observed. Exhibit 2 talks about the hiring requirements projections. The exhibit depicts the year period. It could be clearly seen that for all the three departments in association to the years there was an increasing trend. Exhibit 3 talks about the financials of 10 years from (1970 to 1979). It could be clearly seen that there was an increase in sales net income and stockholders’ equity of MEED since the 7 year period. Though the sales were not steady but and increasing trend is observed.

Teenagers and their Impact on the Economy :: Teens Media Advertising Essays

Teenagers and their Impact on the Economy It is hard for adolescents to look at their own lives and not feel as accepted as they would like to feel. As the saying goes, â€Å"Growing up isn’t easy.† By their teen years, they often feel like they are not cool or popular enough. Many of them look up to celebrities and the media on how to be in the popular crowd. There is so much influence on young minds through television, internet or even magazine advertisements. This definitely makes a great target for advertising agencies. Many companies target young people because they freely spend their money and do not have expenses like adults. One company which takes part in this big campaign is Winterfresh. Winterfresh is successful in convincing teenagers that their gum is perfect for them, because of their comment about peer pressure, making breath icy fresh, and displaying an exciting atmosphere with friends. A Winterfresh advertisement, located in Teen People, clearly states the matter of peer pressure by asking, â€Å"you in?† This, of course, is implying if you are cool enough to try Winterfresh. Teenagers are influenced enough as it is, that when the question of popularity comes up, they want to know more. It is a very emotional Curtis 2 experience for teenagers when they are dealing with the everyday life of different cliques. Nobody is truly satisfied with themselves, so they try to make themselves look better. Popular kids even struggle with their acceptance because they also wish they were cooler. This advertisement makes it seem like anyone can be cool if they buy this gum. It is not exactly a fair thing for adolescents, but it is definitely effective for a company like Winterfresh. This advertisement proves to work, because teens will feel emotionally connected in wanting to be popular, and will believe that chewing Winterfresh will make that happen for them. When you look at the slogan of Winterfresh, you automatically want a piece. â€Å"Where icy cool breath is always on,† is very attractive to those who might question the smell behind their teeth. They make it a fact that their gum will give you great smelling breath.

On Time Package Delivery Essay

The report should discuss in detail the solutions to the several issues that are being faced by OTPD. Based on the conversations Wayne had with Dan Gunther (District manager-Boston), Carol Klein (Key account manager-Phil), Mike Wagner (Sales representative -DC) and Carmella Stringer (Director of Admin services- Strawn, Night and Squires), one of the few major issues seems to be the lack of follow up training on the new service –(Express delivery). It looks like the sales staff needs more information and follow-up trainings to get their message across to their customers and to make them understand about the new service effectively. The sales staff should be invited to discuss the issues being faced while selling this new service and should be provided with the answers to the questions, issues frequently brought up by the customers. Sales force should also be asked to take few quick tests/quizzes when such new services are introduced so that they can know how much they actually retain after the trainings. This should help sales reps to understand the service better and hence sell it effectively to the new as well as existing customers. Another issue seems to be with the research data. Looks like there is no process set up to provide details or easy access to the data on the products offered by the competition. Until the sales force understands the differences between their product and competitions product, they will not be able to sell their services effectively, as they will not be able to defend their weaknesses or highlight the corresponding benefits of their own services. A solution to this problem could be to set up an internal online repository with all the details about competitor’s products, and where sales people could go and search or compare different products in order to understand their differences, weaknesses and benefits against each other. This should help them add tools to their armor before approaching/convincing a customer to use their product. Additionally, there needs to be a proper analysis on the requests as well as complaints made by the customers and in case the complaints are due to unreasonable requests; there should be proper process to approach, discuss and resolve the issues. Looks like in the current scenario, sales force is least bothered about the complaints and assumes that most of the complaints are due to unreasonable  demands by the customers. Also, employees should be allowed some flexible working hours, like the ones who are not able to maintain a work life balance and in turn impact their personal and professional life. Employees should be properly coached on such issues and should be asked to take some time off to recharge and regain their energy. Incentive has always been a key driver of performance and so there should be better linkages between the performance and the bonuses. Feedbacks and complaints from the customers should also play a role in the salary of the salespeople. Thus to conclude, proper trainings, performance linked incentives and coaching should help OTPD to improve the sales numbers.

Capital Punishment Essay

â€Å"An eye for an eye, makes the whole world blind,† Mahatma Gandhi. When the murders of today are murdered by the government, is that not hypocrisy? Capital punishment is legal in 32 U.S. states. Capital punishment was a penalty for many felonies under English common law, and it was enforced in all of the American colonies prior to the Declaration of Independence. Since 1976 lethal injection has been the primary method, although electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and by firing squad are still legal and practiced in some states. The death penalty is barbaric and unethical. Innocent lives are being taken away. U.S. tax payer’s money is thrown out the window. Capital punishment laws should be abolished in the entire United States. â€Å"Studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crimes.† (Death Penalty Information Center) As we sit in a jury box playing God, deciding who must live and who must die, we hand out the death penalty to teach society a lesson. We step into the shoes of a God and pass an irreversible judgment to mask our pain or disdain. Why kill people who kill people to show killing is wrong? This is hypocrisy. In our judicial system, we do not rape rapists, make drunk drivers stand in front of a speeding car, or chop off the thieving hands of someone who steals. In Muslim practicing countries, the harsh punishment used to deter humans from stealing is to have the thieves hand cut off. This practice does not deter thievery and is considered barbaric and irrational in today’s American society. For some reasons unknown, we resort to a revenge mentality society when man kills man. A family who has lost a loved one due to a murder, will no t find closure from the killer’s death. They will find closure with acceptance and forgiveness in themselves. We cannot take away the life of another who may or may not be guilty of a crime. Consequently, innocent people have been convicted and executed. The wrongful execution of an innocent person is an injustice that can never be rectified. Any error rate is completely unacceptable, when we are talking about life  and death. â€Å"Since 1973 the U.S. has released 144 prisoners from death row because they were found to be innocent of their crimes.† (Amnesty) Wrongful conviction causes range from eyewitness error, to government miscount, false confessions, informants, mishandled evidence, improper forensic evidence, and bad lawyering. Capital punishment is also discriminatory towards minorities, poor, and the mentally ill. â€Å"Africans make up about half of all homicide victims.† Glenn Ford, a black man, was released last month after 30 years on death row in Louisiana’s notorious Angola Prison for a crime he did not commit. As a result of his poverty, Ford was assigned two lawyers to represent him at his capital trial -the lead attorney was an oil and gas lawyer who had never tried a case – criminal or civil – to a jury. The second attorney had been out of law school for only two years and worked at an insurance defense firm. As often happens in capital cases, the prosecutors used their peremptory strikes to keep blacks off the jury. Despite a very weak case against him, Ford, defenseless before an all-white jury, was sentenced to death. (ACLU) Ford is just one of many people who were found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in capital and non-capital cases, but were actually not guilty at all. Once an inmate is executed, nothing can be done to make amends if a mistake has been made. Additionally, the death penalty is a huge cost to taxpayers. Sending someone to death row in the United States costs roughly $5 million, because the government takes the burden of paying for both sides. With appeals, and execution costs, death row is around $4 million more than an adult serving life in prison. The Constitution requires and long and complex judicial process for capital cases. The process is supposed to ensure that innocent men and woman aren’t wrongful executed, yet even with that the risk of executing an innocent person isn’t completely eliminated. Death penalty cases consume much additional prosecution and law enforcement staff time because much additional work must be done. Prosecutors must investigate and prepare aggravating evidence for presentation in the sentencing phase of the trial, respond to evidence, file many more motions, and spend significantly more time in court than they would in a non-death penalty case. In addition to these staff costs , prosecutors, like defense attorneys, hire experts and consultants, including consultants to assist with jury selection and witness  preparation. Sheriff’s departments must transport defendants and must provide additional courtroom security for lengthy death penalty trials, extra expenses that add up quickly. Indeed, a study of the federal system found that prosecution costs were 67 percent higher than defense costs in death penalty cases. The same study found that defense costs in death penalty cases were four times higher than in non-death penalty cases. (ACLU) Richard C. Dieter, MS, JD, Executive Director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said the following on June 7, 2010, in his testimony before the Pennsylvania Senate Government Management and Cost Study Commission, â€Å"The death penalty is the most expensive part of the system on a per-offender basis. Millions are spent to achieve a single death sentence that, even if imposed, is unlikely to be carried out. Thus money that the police desperately need for more effective law enforcement may be wasted on the death penalty. Every stage of a capital case is more time-consuming and expensive than in a typical criminal case†¦ There is no reason the death penalty should be immune from reconsideration, along with other wastef ul, expensive programs that no longer make sense.† (Death Penalty Info) Thus the alternatives are more ethical, just, and less costly than capital punishment. By substituting a sentence of life without parole, we meet society’s needs of punishment and protection without running the risk of an irrevocable punishment. â€Å"Over two-thirds of the countries in the world – 141 – have now abolished the death penalty in law or practice.† (Amnesty) It is time for the United States of America to catch up with the rest of the world and abolish capital punishment forever. â€Å"Death Penalty Facts.† (n.d.): n. pag. Amnesty Usa. Amnesty International, May 2012. Web. 8 Sept. 2014. . â€Å"No Government Should Experiment with Human Life.† American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, 2011. Web. 08 Sept. 2014. . â€Å"Testimony of Richard C. Dieter, Esq. Executive Director, Death Penalty Information Center to the Illinois House of Representatives Addressing Innocence and.† _DPIC_. Death Penalty Information Center, 2014. Web. 08 Sept. 2014. .

Organism Physiology Essays - Cnidarians, Venomous Animals, Jellyfish

Organism Physiology Essays - Cnidarians, Venomous Animals, Jellyfish Organism Physiology Organism Physiology There are many different types of organisms that could have been chosen for this assignment. Organisms are any living thing such as fungus, animals, plants, or micro-organism. It is a body made of organs, organelles, or other parts that will work together to carry on the various process of life. The organism I chose for this assignment is the jellyfish. The name ?Jellyfish? is a term that refers to the enormous variety of creatures that live in the sea. Some jellyfish live in fresh water. Jellyfish is an animal that belongs to phylum cnidarians, that is included in the class of scyphozoan. They are members of two groups that float freely or swim. The two groups are cnidarians and ctenophores. The type of jellyfish in the diagram is the scyphozoan medusa. They are the jellyfish that is commonly found washed up on seashores (Building Bodies of Jelly-Jellyfish, 2012). Jellyfish has two major body forms. The first body form is the polyp stage. This stage is characterized by the non-moving stalk that will catch food floating by. The second major body form is called the medusa stage. This form is characterized by the round body with hanging tentacles that will catch food (Hernandez, 2012). This form is more familiar to most people. The jellyfish feeds off of small fish and zooplankton that has been caught in their tentacles. They also have an incomplete digestive system, this means that both food intake and waste expulsion according to (Hernandez, 2012). The tentacles and oral arms are moved by its muscles. The jellyfish uses its oral arms and/or tentacles to move food to the mouth. Once the food is in the jellyfish?s stomach it is digested into broth within 6 hours. The liquid is transported around the animal by the circulatory system. Part of the waste are carried out through the mouth of the jellyfish. The canals of the jellyfish and stomach make up the gastroendodermal system. The jellyfish do not have an anus to release waste like humans and most animals according to (Building Bodies of Jelly-Jellyfish, 2012). In the jellyfish, it has cells that are grouped together into tissues which is also grouped into organs that all work together as an organ system. The cells, tissues, and organs along with the tentacles make up the jellyfish. The tentacles and other parts of the jellyfish are armed with the stinging cells that are called nematocysts. The nematocysts are well grouped into the stinging batteries. When each cell is triggered by a touch of the potential prey or predator that discharges a tiny thread where small harpoons will impale the victim and inject venom. A prey will be injected with dozens of harpoons. Harpoons are the tiny threads in a jellyfish that has poisonous venom. These harpoons are located in the tentacles according to (Building Bodies of Jelly-Jellyfish, 2012). Jellyfish has different types of nematocyst that are found in coelenterates. An individual must know which type of species in order to know what type of nematocyst it has. Different types of jellyfish species will determine how many tentacles it will have and if it has an oral arm. These arms are surrounded by the mouth of the jellyfish. According to (Hernandez, 2012) some jellyfish are not dangerous to humans but they are highly toxic. Some jellyfish does not have these arms. Jellyfish perform the functions of life through regulating the jellyfish?s internal environment. These parts of the jellyfish will allow the organs to still be evolving and become suited to its environment of today. In conclusion jellyfish are sea creatures that rely on their environment for all of life living. Jellyfish are unique sea creatures that have major body forms to help them catch food. The jellyfish uses their tentacles to protect themselves and to catch food. The many different types of organisms there are jellyfish was the most interesting. Jellyfishes are odd creatures that most individuals try to stay away from because of their toxic stinging cells called nematocysts. These stinging cells are located in the tentacles. Jellyfish has a complex life cycle that takes on a number of different forms. References: Building Bodies of Jelly-Jellyfish (2012). Retrieved from Jellyfish: http://cronodon.com/BioTech/Jellyfish.html Hernandez, B. (2012). What is Jellyfish?

Preposition Fr Explanation and Examples

Preposition Fr Explanation and Examples How would you translate the following sentences into German? This is for you.He decided not to do it for safety reasons. Fà ¼r often translates into for but for does not always translate into fà ¼r.If you literally translated the above sentences as 1. Das ist fà ¼r dich. 2. Fà ¼r Sicherheitsgrà ¼nden hat er sich entschieden es nicht zu tun, then only the first sentence is correct. Though the second sentence is perfectly understandable, it should be written instead as follows: Aus Sicherheitsgrà ¼nden, hat er sich entschieden es nicht zu tun.Why? Simply put, fà ¼r often translates into for but that isnt always so vice versa. Once again, another caveat to not translate word for word.The main meaning of fà ¼r, as when stating to whom or something is intended for, stems from the old High German word furi. This meant in front - a present for someone would be placed in front of them. Other Meanings of Fr Here are several examples of the main uses and meaning of  fà ¼r: Stating to whom or what something is intended for: Diese Kekse sind fà ¼r dich. (These cookies are for you.)When stating for a quantity: Sie hat diese Handtasche fà ¼r nur zehn Euro gekauft. (She bought that purse for only ten euros).When indicating a time span or specific point in time: ich muss fà ¼r drei Tage nach Bonn reisen. (I must go for three days to Bonn.) Some expressions with fà ¼r are likewise directly translated into expressions with for: Fà ¼r immer - for alwaysFà ¼r nichts/umsonst - for nothingFà ¼r nchstes Mal- for next timeIch, fà ¼r meine Person - as for meDas Fà ¼r und Wider - for and against Take note: Fà ¼r is an accusative preposition, so it is therefore always followed by the accusative. For in German Heres the tricky part. Depending on the nuances of for in a sentence, in German it can also be translated as follows: Aus/wegen/zu: when describing the reason why; its purposeAus irgendeinen Grund, wollte der Junge nicht mehr mitspielen - For some reason, the boy did not want to play with them anymore.Viele Tiere sterben wegen der Umweltverschmutzung - Many animals die because of pollution.Dieses Fahrrad steht nicht mehr zum Verkauf – This bicycle is not for sale anymore.Nach/zu: towards a physical destinationThis train is leaving for London – Dieser Zug fhrt nach London.Seit: When describing the duration of time since something has occurred.Ich habe ihn schon seit langem nicht gesehen. I havent seen him for a long time! Above are just some of the more popular prepositions that for can be translated into. Also, keep in mind that these translations arent necessarily reversible, meaning just because sometimes for can mean nach, that doesnt mean that nach will always mean for. When it comes to prepositions, it is always best to first learn which grammatical case it goes with and then to learn popular combos (i.e verbs, expressions) these prepositions occur frequently with.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Research Paper Example Some of the current issues facing Iran both locally and internationally are clearly outlined. The pressures facing the country as it seeks part and belonging to a global community are also included. Furthermore, this paper aims to research and examine the Iranian history of the 20th century identifying the major events during that period that may have a direct impact on its development. Reviewing the current economic system and how it reflects the country’s history and culture. While civilization in Iran dates back to 2800 BC, the Persian Empire peaked during the sixth century under the rule of Cyrus the Great. Two centuries later, the Greeks, led by Alexander the Great, overcome the Persians leading to the emergence of western thought over the east. Persians were converted to Islam in the seventh century AD (Eldon & Hooglund, 2008). More than 800 years later, the Safavid dynasty embraced the Shia branch of Islam causing a lasting rift with the majority Sunnis. Different forces struggled for power over the course of the next centuries. By the turn of the new century, Iran was embroiled in a bifurcated struggle. On one hand, the Iranians struggle to maintain their national independence in the face of growing colonial pressures. Iran’s geostrategic importance made it a central focus of the colonial game between Great Britain and Russia. The country was carved up into spheres of influence. The Russians had supremacy over the north, while Britain had su premacy in the South of the country. At the same time, another struggle was taking shape within its borders. The country was undergoing a constitutional revolution (1905-1911). The revolution started by disputes over sugar prices finally led to public protests of the revolution. By January 1906, the Shah agreed to their demands that included the formation of the house of justice. Despite this development. The Shah did not honor

Visual Arts and Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Visual Arts and Film Studies - Essay Example Discussion of Greek architecture and the various stages of development that it went through and the impact of those developments on their art and artifacts is the focal point of this paper. To attain the objective and to compare the variation in art pertaining to two different periods of the same civilization, pottery has been decided to be focused upon. Tabular Comparison Part II Visual Analysis The above figure is a front view comparison of the two pieces of pottery selected for this paper. In the above figure the two pieces of art are distinguished and deconstructed into 4 major and prominent factions from the front view. Tabular comparison covers the differences between the two pieces of art in detail; however a frontal view comparison is as follows. The two pieces of art can be distinguished into A= Neck, B= Handle, C= Belly and D= Base. In figure A it can be observed that the neck of the vase is slimmer and compliments the imagery that is present drawn on the body of the vase w hereas in figure B the neck is wider and once again provides a balance symmetry with the overall orientation of the amphora (Scott, 2004). The handles in both the pieces of art are different in their structure, shape and inclination and perhaps purpose as well. In figure A we can see that the handles are an extension of the vase and are not an additional inclusion in the structure of the pot. The handles are part of the design of the vase. In comparison to Fig A, handles in figure B are not highlighted in the frontal view. From the front view only edges of the handles are observable while in figure A frontal view clearly shows the features of the handles (Scott, 2004). Part C in both the pots is the Belly. In Figure A, belly is circular in its shape and is once again utilized by the artist to compliment the image that has been drawn on the body. On the other hand in Fig B the belly is elongated and is oval in its shape. Belly comprise the main proportion of the entire structure in b oth the pots but Figure A has a more radial shape of the belly in contrast to Fig B that is slender in its orientation. Part D in both the pots, as highlighted above is the base of the figure. There are similarities in the base of both the pieces of art as can be observed. The base appears to be solid and flat in both the pieces of art. Another aspect to be observed from a technical view point is the width of the base in both the figures is in accordance with the shape and size of the entire art work. In figure A the base is wider than that in Figure B and this variation in width can be associated to the fact that bellies in both the figures occupy a different volume and thus they require different widths of bases to form a balanced art structure (Scott, 2004). In the above table the two art works are deconstructed into various observable components. The differences in the orientation shape and design of the two art works clearly depicts the transformation that the art work and civi lization has come across over the passage of time (Lynch, 2005). Figura Activa refers to the active image that can be observed prominently in a piece of art. For figure A figura activa is identified to be an octopus. While in Figure B no prominent character can be identified however circular lines along the horizontal axis are the only notable existence in the art work. Mesomorph is referred to as the overall expansion of the shape of an art

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geography - Essay Example The concerned area is located at a very important place and keeps diversity for commercial and industrial base. Lansdowne Street joints the highway. The indigenous people occupy this part of the Peterborough. Metropolitan Toronto also influences this part of Peterborough. Water is the important component of the cultural and physical landscape of the census tract 05. Little lake provides the recreational opportunity to tours and local residents (Adams and Taylor, 2009). Traditional ways of travelling were used as boating. It was suggested as the important for recreation in the economy. Adams and Taylor (2009) provided the industrial outlook of the area. The Q.T.G Canada and Ventra Plastics, Sysco Food Services and Siemens are the important industries of the City Peterborough. Development in tourist, health and education industry is also increasing in the concerned area. Trent University and Sir Sand ford Fleming College are the major institutions in the area. Students from local as we ll as across the Canada and Province come here for study purposes. Adams and Taylor (2009) presented the Census tracts of Peterborough on varied cultural, shopping and recreational attractions. People move to Toronto in summer and weekends because of Kawartha lakes. People from America, Ontario also come to these Kawartha lakes in their leisure times. People use their own automobiles for travelling, but some of people use other means such as bicycling, walking and canoeing. Observation from Primary sources: The cultural heritage landscapes are those areas, which are modified by humans. The residents of the area value this modified landscape. Little lake cemetery was chartered first in Ontario that represented the special cultural heritage. Little lake is recognized as the significant place and considered as the open space because it is adjacent to parks. Little lake is Category an asset because the properties of the Little Lake are valued on provincial as well as national level. The Lansdowne Street is the important place for growing business and just away from the heart of the city Peterborough. For example, Comfort Hotel & Suites is beautifully designed that demonstrates the origin of this area in city Peterborough. The Lansdowne Street W crosses over the Little Lake and leads towards the Burnham Provincial Park. Park Street is also included in the business districts of the central area. The Park Street area is represented as the transitional and industrial conversion sub area. Natural setting and topography of the Little Lake provides space for people living in the Census Tract 5 as a fashion for the movement of rural cemetery. This area is also significant because it reflects the changing attitudes about the concept of death and cultural movement. The tract 5 is the area of residents with high-income families. People living in this area shift their spending on the needs and household. Young adults of the study area spend a higher part of their income on th e recreation merchandise, fashion and entertainment. Increase in family size and children ages, the housing, home decoration and furnishing share a greater part of the income of families. People of the concerned area replace the furniture when it is retired. Presence of colleges and other educational institutions is the crucial driver for the economic development and attracts the young people to be part of the same

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Research Validity

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Research Validity Internal, External and Construct Validity Introduction Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) has been utilized with success in students with or without learning disabilities and it is mainly attributed due to increased time concentrated on reading materials or exercises on the computer. It offers productive practice and time management and is an effective tool to used as a supplement to providing drills (Williams, Wright, Callaghan, Coughlan, 2002). Some of the advantages that the CAI provides inside the classroom include one-on-one exercise with minimal supervisory time involving the teacher. In many cases, instant feedback to students allows mistakes to be rectified immediately. Certain programs offer features that monitor speed and accuracy of answers and the regularity of instruction for subject mastery (Wong, 2008). Internal Validity Threats In a research study done by Coleman-Martin, Heller, Cihak, Irvine (2005), a slower acquisition rate score was recorded when a different Windows version (i.e., XP versus Windows 98) was used during one of the test sessions. The variation of the platform caused the PowerPoint slide presentation to run slower than the prior sessions that resulted to disrupting its timing and consistency. Computer skills, familiarity with the software programs, and prior knowledge in the question format (i.e., multiple choice) are factors to consider that might have influence the rate at which the students learned words identification (Coleman-Martin, et al., 2005, p. 90). Similarly, according to research study conducted by Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlet, C., Powell, S., Capizzi, A., Seethaler, P. (2006) on the effects of CAI on number combination skill in at-risk first graders, their procedures did not take into consideration the keyboarding skills of at-risk first graders and the possibility that errors related to the learners typing skills reduced the effectiveness of the CAI. External Threats to Validity According to Savage, R., Deault, L., Abrami, P., Hipps, G. (2009), one limitation found on their research regarding a randomized controlled trial study of the ABRACADABRA reading intervention was that students with inferior literacy and associated skills during pretest were more likely not to show up for testing at follow-up. The researchers believed that this is an issue of experimental mortality insinuating that the postponement of posttest outcomes are almost certainly less generalizable to typical reader samples than the more immediate posttest statistics ( Savage, et al., 2009, p. 602). Threats to Construct Validity Bannert (2000) and Van Gog (2005) research study suggested that giving the students control over portions of their instruction allow them to better negotiate the cognitive challenges placed on them as students. They further noted that learner-control participants performed better on a test of transfer than the participants who received no control. Van Gog (2005) hypothesized that over time, improved performance would be visible during training situations along with the capability of the learner to assess and rectify future problematic situations when learners are progressively awarded with more control over their instruction as their skill level intensified. In contrast, Eom and Reiser (2000) revealed that junior high students who were given the opportunity to control their instruction displayed considerably worse performance than those who were not allowed to control their instruction. The same results were reported by several researchers (Farrell and Moore, 2000 and Swaak and de Jong, 2001) who stated that providing students control over their instruction concludes in trivial or insignificant advancement. It may be a case of poor construct definition where a construct may have been mislabeled or defined at a wrong level either too general or too specific. In this case, it is possible that establishing the types of control given to the students will be a crucial factor. Impact of Validity Issues Several validity issues could affect the envisioned research regarding the effectiveness of the type of CAI programs that are currently used as a remediation tool for at-risk students. One limitation is the inclination for technology difficulties because technology can be unpredictable. In accomplishing particular learning objectives, the learning tool such as the software programs used in conjunction with the CAI should be developmentally appropriate. References Bannert, M. (2002). Managing cognitive load recent trends in cognitive load theory. Learning and Instruction, 12, 139-146. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Coleman-Martin, M., Heller, K., Cihak, D., Irvine, K. (2005). Using computer-assisted instruction and the nonverbal reading approach to teach word identification. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(2), 80-90. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from EBSCO Host database. Cozby, P. (2009). Methods in behavioral research (10th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Eom, W. Reiser, R. (2000). The effects of self-regulation and instructional control on performance and motivation in computer-based instruction. International Journal of Instructional Media, 27(3), 247-260. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Farrell, I. Moore, D. (2000). The effect of navigation tools on learners achievement and attitude in a hypermedia environment. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 29 (2), 169-181. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlet, C., Powell, S., Capizzi, A, Seethaler, P. (2006). The effects of computer-assisted instruction on number combination skill in at-risk first graders, 39(5), 467-475. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Savage, R., Deault, L., Abrami, P., Hipps, G. (2009). A randomized controlled trial study of the ABRACADABRA reading intervention program in grade 1, Journal of Educational Psychology. 101(3), 590-604. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Swaak, J. de Jong, T. (2001). Learners vs. system control in using online support for simulation-based discovery learning. Learning Environment Research, 4, 217-241. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Trochim, W., Donnelly, J. (2008). The research methods knowledge base. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Van Gog, T. Ericsson, K. Rikers, R., Paas, F. (2005). Instructional design for advanced learners: Establishing connections between the theoretical framework of cognitive load and deliberate practice. Educational Technology Research and Design, 53(3), 73-81. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Williams, C., Wright, B. Callaghan, G., Coughlan, B. (2002). Do children with autism learn to read more readily by computer-assisted instruction or traditional book method? A pilot study. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 6, 71-91.Retrieved February 16, 2010, from EBSCOHost database. Wong, B. (1991). Learning about learning disabilities. New York: Academic Press.

contiential not drifting but raising :: essays research papers

A skull of 95 million year old dinosaurs which unearthed from narmada river bed region of India has raised hot debate among researchers. Because the dinosaurs fossils totally contradict with the theory of continental drifting which proposed by German meteorologist Alfred Wagner. According to this theory before 200 million years ago all the present day continents were jointly present and the super continent was called as pangaea.and then splited in two major continents called as northern laurasia and the southern gonduwana.the theory continue to explains... From the gonduwana south America, south africa, antartica, australia, india and Madagascar separated before 150 million year ago and India was splited and drifted northward crossing the equator 70 million year ago and then collided with the Asian continet.due to the collision the Himalayas was formed and the collision also caused earthquake. But based on the study of dinosaur?s skull paleontologist say the dinosaurs that unearthed from the Gurath region was appeared 95 million years ago. The Gujarat dinosaurs have close relation with the dinosaurs that lived in South America and Madagascar. How this species can reach India that evolved after the splitting of these continents. To solve this problem today the supporters of Wagner explained that the splitting of gonduwana splited before 100 millions years ago instead of 150 million years ago. But this explanation was seriously questioned by a dinosaur?s species known as saropod.this saropod dinosaurs appeared just 65 million years ago. The saropod dinosaurs also lived in South America, and Madagascar. During this period the Indian continent splited from this continents and crossed the equator and existed as an island continent which surrounded by ocean. so obviously there is no way for the saropod dinosaurs to reach India. And supporters of Wagner also have no explanation for this question. But paleontologist said saropod dinosaurs entered in to the India before 65 millions years ago. This proves that India has always attached with Asia as now. And also disproved the drifting continents story. If the continents were not drifting then what caused the earthquake? Whale fossils are discovered from simla hill region and Kutch region of gujaath.which indicate the continents are raising from beneath the ocean. And it is become clear the rising of continents from the earth surface caused the earth trembling. PROOF FOR CONTINENTS ARE RISING UPWARD Posted Date : 26/05/2005 - Author: G.Ponmudi Trilobites is a shrimp like creatures which lived 540-560 millions years go under seawater and for some unknown reason they become extinct.

Nur Jahan

Begum Nur Jahan (Persian, Urdu: ) (alternative spelling Noor Jahan, Nur Jehan, Nor Jahan, etc. ) (31 May 1577–17 December 1645), also known as Mehr-un-Nisaa, was Empress of the Mughal Empire that covered much of the Indian subcontinent. She was an aunt of Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Emperor Shah Jahan's wife for whom the Taj Mahal was made. Begum Nur Jahan was the twentieth and favourite wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who was her second husband. The story of the couple's infatuation for each other and the relationship that abided between them is the stuff of many (often apocryphal) legends.She remains historically significant for the sheer amount of imperial authority she wielded – the true â€Å"power behind the throne,† as Jehangir was battling serious addictions to alcohol and opium throughout her reign – and is known as one of the most powerful women who ruled India with an iron fist. Contents [hide] 1 Birth 2 Marriage with Sher Afghan 3 Marriage with Ja hangir 4 Mughal empress 5 Death 6 Nur Jahan in pop culture 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links [edit]BirthKandahar (Candahar), Nur Jahan's place of birth, is now southern Afghanistan Nur Jahan was born on May 31 1577 in Kandahar (now in Afghanistan) to traveling Persian, Mirza Ghiyas Beg from Tehran (now in Iran). Her Persian-born grandfather, who was in the service of Shah Tahmasp I, died in Yazd, laden with honours. His heirs, however, soon fell upon hard times. His son Mirza Ghias Beg (known as Itmad-ud-Daulah, â€Å"Pillar of the State†, a title conferred on him by Akbar) travelled to South Asia with his family where he rose to become an administrative official in the Mughal court.For their journey, Ghias Beg and his wife, Asmat Begum, joined a caravan travelling southward under the leadership of a merchant noble named Malik Masud. While still in Persian territory, less than half the way to their destination, Ghias Beg's party was attacked by robbe rs and the family lost almost everything it owned. Left with only two mules, Ghias Beg, his expectant wife, their children, Muhammad Sharif, Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, and one daughter, took turns riding on the backs of the animals.When the group reached Kandahar, Asmat Begum gave birth to her fourth child and second daughter, Mehr-un-Nisaa. [edit]Marriage with Sher Afghan Mehr-Un-Nisaa was married to Sher Afghan Quli Khan when she was seventeen in 1594, the marriage arranged by Akbar. Sher Afghan was the governor of Burdwan, in Bengal. In 1605, Mehr-Un-Nisaa gave birth to a daughter, also called Mehr-Un-Nisaa (later at court she was named Ladli), Mehr-Un-Nisaa was the one and only child she ever had. In 1607, Sher Afghan Quli Khan was killed during a misunderstanding.During this time Sher Afgan Quli Khan had held the title of Sher Afgan, granted to him by Jahangir as Quli saved his life from an angry tigress. Also, during this time, Jahangir may have been asking Sher Afgan Quli Khan to give Mehr-Un-Nisaa to him, for his harem, although the truth of this is uncertain, as Jahangir married her in 1611, after she had been at court (see below) for four years. [edit]Marriage with Jahangir The Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Prince Khurram with Nur Jahan.The emperor Akbar died in 1605 and was succeeded by prince Salim, who took the regal name Jahangir. After her husband Sher Afghan (who was appointed as jagirdar of Bardhaman, a city in Bengal) was killed in 1607, Mehr-un-Nisaa became a lady-in-waiting to one of the Jahangir's stepmothers, Ruqayya Sultana Begum. Ruqayya was the most senior woman in the harem and had been Akbar's first and principal wife and was also the daughter of Mirza Hindal. The father of Mehr-un-Nisaa was, at that time, a diwan to an amir-ul-umra, decidedly not a very high post.The year 1607 had not been particularly good for Mehr-un-Nisaa. Her family had fallen into disgrace. Her father, who had been holding important posts under Akbar and Jahangir, ha d succumbed to his only weakness, money, and had been charged with embezzlement. Moreover, due to possible involvement in the pro-Khusrau assassination attempt on Jahangir in 1607, two of Mehr-un-Nisaa's family members (one brother named Muhammad Sharif and her mother's cousin) were executed on the orders of the Emperor. In March 1611, her fortune took a turn for the better.She met the emperor Jahangir at the palace meena bazaar during the spring festival Nowruz new year. Jahangir grew so infatuated by her beauty that he proposed immediately and they were married on May 25 of the same year becoming his twentieth wife. [edit]Mughal empress Silver coins minted with Nur Jahan's name on it. For Mehr-un-Nisaa's own immediate family, marriage to Jahangir became a great boon with several members receiving sizeable endowments and promotions as a result. This affection led to Nur Jahan wielding a great deal of actual power in affairs of state.The Mughal state gave absolute power to the emper or, and those who exercised influence over the emperor gained immense influence and prestige. Jahangir's addiction to opium and alcohol made it easier for Nur Jahan to exert her influence. For many years, she effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. She even gave audiences at her palace and the ministers consulted with her on most matters. Indeed, Jahangir even permitted coinage to be struck in her name, something that traditionally defined sovereignty.Through Nur Jahan's influence, her family, including her brother Asaf Khan, consolidated their position at court. Asaf Khan was appointed grand Wazir (minister) to Jahangir, and his daughter Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as Mumtaz Mahal) was wed to Prince Khurram (the future Shah Jahan), the third son of Jahangir, born by the Rajput princess, Jagat Gosaini. Jahangir's eldest son Khusrau had rebelled against the Emperor and was blinded as a result. The second son, Parviz, was weak and addicted to alcohol. The fourth son was Prince Shahryar, born by a royal concubine.Khurram rebelled against his father and a war of succession broke out. Due to Khurram's intransigence, Nur Jahan shifted her support to his younger brother, Shahryar. She arranged the marriage of her own daughter Ladli Begum, born of her first marriage, to her stepson Shahryar. [1] The two weddings ensured that one way or another, the influence of Nur Jahan's family would extend over the Mughal Empire for at least another generation. Jahangir was captured by rebels in 1626 while he was on his way to Kashmir. Nur Jahan intervened to get her husband released.Jahangir was rescued but died on October 28, 1627. After Jahangir's death, Nur Jahan devoted some of her life to the making of perfume, particularly using falanja, an art form her mother had passed down. [edit]Death Nur Jahan's Mausoleum in Shahdara Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan When Jahangir died in 1627, Nur Jahan's brother Asaf Khan took the si de of his son-in-law Khurrum against his sister. It was Khurram who became the new Mughal emperor under the regal name Shah Jahan. Nur Jahan was confined to a comfortable mansion for the rest of her life.During this period, paid for and oversaw the construction of her father's mausoleum in Agra, known now as Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb, and occasionally composed Persian poems under the assumed name of Makhfi. [1] Nur Jahan died in 17 December 1645 at age 68, and is buried at Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan in a tomb she had built herself, near the tomb of Jahangir. Her brother Asaf Khan's tomb is also located nearby. The tomb attracts many visitors, both Pakistani and foreign, who come to enjoy pleasant walks in its gardens.