Philosophy-Metaphysics Essay

â€Å"The PNC: A property cannot both belong and not belong to a subject at the same time and in the same respect. The PNC is the most certain principle, i. e. :1) It is not possible to be wrong about it. 2) If you know anything, you know it (all statements of knowledge imply it). †(Chance, 2005) The Principle of Non-Contradiction is both a law of thought and a law of being. Aristotle propagated this principle first. Since then, voluminous literature is written on this principle, many arguments have been put forth elaborating it. It is believed that this principle is the basis, foundation of all demonstrative sciences. Intuitive understanding is the gateway to knowing PNC. In character, it is un-hypothetical. Its indemonstrability needs to be understood in the proper perspective. The PNC protects the unity of the thought process. The content of one’s thought is its non-contradictory nature. That is to say, the content of one’s thought is the non-contradictory nature of being. To deny it is not to say reality itself is contradictory by nature. Here, the fact to be noted is that insufficient education and understanding on the part of the person who denies the principle. But there are many, who deny; foremost among them are para-logicians. Their mental block seems to be their problem, i. e. how we present what we present before them. How the reality is framed for tendering the version to them. The principle could be both true and false. As per Quantum Mechanics, when we can’t make out the proper option between the two, the principle needs to be deemed as meaningless and void. Many situations can be quoted in support of drawing such a conclusion. Aristotle has the answer for this sort of criticism. Those who deny the principle merely assume that they deny; the very denial contains in fact, their acceptance of the principle. Their question whether the PNC is true or false has the answer –they assume that it is either true or false. Ipso, facto, they speak in is affirmation. But there are instances where the PNC contradicts physics. Relativism as a theory must be false, if the PNC is true. If A believes that the sun is shining, and B believes that the sun is not shining, one of them obviously must be false. Every argument has a counter argument; every example can be challenged by yet another contradictory-example. The attitude of most of the people is, ‘Whatever I say is correct. None is willing to accept that ‘whatever correct is there in the world, belongs to me. ’ It is the acknowledged principle with the rationalists and scientists that nothing could be accepted as true without evidence. But then there is an authentic counter-question for this as well. How one can know that the method employed for knowing or accepting the evidence is true? This is an important observation, which is difficult to refute. The truth of the PNC can be soundly argued on the basis of what Aristotle has propounded about it. But this is true of mind-level issues and examples. If one of the ‘arguing’ individuals has transcended the mind-barrier, his uttering will be on the basis of his realization, and that can never be explained through words, sentences and explanations. Such ‘issues’ form part of the experience-domain of an individual. Even Aristotle has to stop here, with his files related to PNC. To take something for granted as truth, the essential tools one uses are, Reason and Logic. These tools will break and are powerless at the end of the mind barrier. They will never be able to break the barrier.

Canada History Essay

Everywhere you might hear the roll of the drum, and there was no family but had its soldier, and few that did not have their dead. There were a score of thousand British troops in the Northern provinces, and every week brought rumors and alarms, and portents of victory or defeat. The haggard post-rider came galloping in with news from north and west, which the anxious village folks gather to hear. There have been skirmishes, successes, retreats, surprises, massacres, retaliations. In 1867 the Canadian history was the people’s ancestors who become American Indians (North American Indians) that first entered North America from Siberia some time around 14,000–15,000 years ago. A wave of further migrations from Siberia, beginning about 4,000 years ago, brought the Inuit people, who settled across the whole of Arctic North America, from Alaska through Northern Canada to Greenland (Fregault, 1969). The European discovery is where Europeans sight North America were the Vikings in 986. An expedition led by Leif Ericsson sailed from Greenland, visited Baffin Island, and sailed down the Labrador coast to Newfoundland, which was named Vinland. The remains of a Viking settlement have been found on the island, but it would seem that the Viking colony was short†lived. The Viking discovery was forgotten in Europe, and it was 500 years before another European, John Cabot reached the shores of Canada (1497). In 1534 Jacques Cartier, a Frenchman, undertook a voyage of discovery along the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador, and on his second voyage (1536–37) discovered the St Lawrence River and travelled as far as the Huron capital, Hochelaga (the site of Montreal). Some small settlements were made by the French, but have been abandoned it after two years (Hayes, 2002). The French and British rivalry was until 1608 that Samuel de Champlain, who had visited the country in 1603 and subsequent years, founded the city of Quebec. The St Lawrence region formed a French colony under the name of Canada for the next century and a half. Meanwhile, the English formed the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 and began to trade with the American Indians that is now the Northwest Territories. A French colony, known as Acadia, had also been established in Nova Scotia at the beginning of the 17th century, but the arrival of English and Scottish colonists led to a long†running conflict for possession until the territory came they became under British control by the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). Finally, in 1749 the British founded the settlement of Halifax and installed many British colonists, and the following year the French settlers were expelled for refusing to swear loyalty to the British crown. Many of these Acadians subsequently settled in Louisiana, where they became known as Cajuns (Eccles,1969). Louis Reil is perhaps the most controversial figure in Canadian historiography. He is a leader of his people in their resistance against the Canadian government in the Canadian Northwest. His life and deeds have spawned a massive and diverse literature. He was born in the Red River Settlement (in what is now Manitoba) in 1844. He is a promising student and was sent to Montreal to train for the priesthood, but he never graduated. An attempt at training as a lawyer, and by 1868 Riel was back in the Red River area. Ambitious, well educated and bilingual, Riel quickly emerged as a leader among the Metis of the Red River. In 1869-1870 he headed a provisional government, which would eventually negotiate the Manitoba Act with the Canadian government. The Act established Manitoba as a province and provided some protection for French language rights. Riel’s leadership in the agitation, especially his decision to execute a Canadian named Thomas Scott, anti-Catholic and anti-French sentiment in Ontario. Although chosen for a seat in the House of Commons on three occasions, he was unable to take his seat in the house. In 1875, Riel’s role in the death of Scott resulted in his exile from Canada. These years in exile would include stays in two Quebec asylums and the growing belief in Riel that he had a religious mission to lead the Metis people of the Canadian northwest (Chartrand, 1999). Riel was the undisputed spiritual and political head of the short-lived 1885 Rebellion. He never carried arms and hindered the work of his military head, Gabriel Dumont. Riel was increasingly influenced by his belief that he was chosen to lead the Metis people. On May 15, shortly after the fall of Batoche, Riel surrendered to Canadian forces and was taken to Regina to stand trial for reason (Lloyd, 1959). At his trial, Riel gave two long speeches which demonstrated his powerful rhetorical abilities. He personally rejected attempts by his defense counsel to prove he was not guilty by reason of insanity. On 1 August 1885, a jury of six English-speaking Protestants found Riel guilty but recommended mercy. Judge Hugh Richardson sentenced him to death. Attempted appeals were dismissed and a special re-examination of Riel’s mental state by government appointed doctors found him sane. He was hanged in Regina on 16 November, 1885. His execution was widely opposed in Quebec and had lasting political ramifications (Lee, 1986). While in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, this was also known as the Battle of Quebec, this was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years War (referred to as French and Indian War in the United States). The confrontation, which began on 12 September 1759, fought between the British Army and Navy, and the French Army, on a plateau just outside the walls of Quebec City (Stuart, 2003). The battle involved fewer than 10,000 troops between both sides, but proved to be in the conflict between France and Britain over the fate of New France, influencing the later creation of Canada (Casgrain, 1964). The culmination of a three-month siege by the British, the battle lasted less than an hour. British troops commanded by General James Wolfe successfully resisted the column advance of French troops and Canadian militia under Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm (Hibbert, 1959). The two generals were mortally wounded during the battle, Wolfe died on the field and Montcalm passed away the next morning. In the wake of the battle, France’s remaining military force in Canada and the rest of North America came under increasing pressure from British forces. Within four years, nearly all of France’s possessions in eastern North America would be ceded to Great Britain (Anderson, 2000). The battle itself has bind Montcalm and Wolfe. Montcalm has been treated leniently by history he was indeed a brilliant and heroic soldier, and he had the crowning honor of dying bravely at Quebec, but he cannot be held blameless in this affair. He had taught the Indians that he was as one of themselves, had omitted no means of securing their amity had danced and sung with them and smiled approvingly and he had no right to imagine that they would believe him sincere in his promise to spare the prisoners. The two military leaders of the French and British fought the battle as the most promising event in their lives. The two generals leave a legacy to the Plains of Abraham. Bibliography Anderson, Fred. 2000. Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. New York. Casgrain, H.R. 1964. Wolfe and Montcalm. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Chartrand, Rene. 1999. Quebec 1759. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Eccles, W.J. 1760. The Canadian Frontier. New York: Holt. Fregault, Guy. 1969. Canada: The war of the Conquest. Toronto Oxford: University Press. Hayes, Derek. 2002. Historical Atlas of Canada. Vancouver: Douglas & Mc Intyre Ltd. Hibbert, Christopher. 1959. Wolfe at Quebec. New York: The World Publishing Company. Lee , Kenneth. 1986. The French armies in the seven years war. University Press. Lloyd, Christopher.1959. The Capture of Quebec. London: B.T. Batsford, Ltd. Reid, Stuart. 2003. The Battle that Won Canada. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.   

Multicultural Literature: “Poisoned Story” Essay

Latino culture, specifically Puerto-Rican culture has changed through the course of history. Puerto Rico has witnessed a fusion of races and cultures spanning over many years, starting in 1898, after the Spanish-American war. Ultimately, Puerto Rico was annexed to the United States, the Puerto Rican people made United States citizens with limited restrictions and granted commonwealth status. The changes made during those eras did not come without consequences to the Puerto Rican culture. In â€Å"Poisoned Story†, author Rosario Ferre depicts the political and economic changing norms and tensions between the social classes of the Puerto Rican’s culture. In Ferre’s story â€Å"Poisoned Story† several major themes are prevalent through the story: opposition between the aristocratic and working class, literacy, interpretation of historicity and magic realism. The overriding structure of the story is based upon a narrative conflict between the characters which dramatizes the issue of the actual â€Å"writer† within the story. The reason this is important is because the concepts of the Puerto Rican history is based upon experience of the individual Puerto Rican. The class structure between rich and poor at one time was clear. During this story, the class structure and culture of two generations against the backdrop of the United States relationship is developed. The characters within the story represent several classes of people in the Puerto Rican society. Also, Ferre uses a narrative style in the story that introduces different â€Å"writers† within the story or shall we say different perceptions of occurrences of history based upon personal experience within the Puerto Rican fusion of culture. Read more: A depiction of a fantasy city. The Puerto Rican economy was disturbed with the United States intervention which led to classes of people being displaced within society, as was the case with the character of Don Lorenzo. Don Lorenzo was Rosaura’s father. After the death of his first wife, Don Lorenzo married his second wife named Rosa. An important issue of this story is the masculine character of Don Lorenzo represents and the fact that he married out of his class when he married Rosa, leaving behind his traditions and some of his culture. The character of Don Lorenzo transitions through the story. In the beginning, Don Lorenzo is viewed in high regard, with pride for his land and culture.  As the story progresses Don Lorenzo looses his land, his home, and his heart as he and his aristocratic culture deteriorates before his very eyes with the help of his new wife Rosa and changing social structure. Rosa is an antagonistic source and character in the story. Rosa is the representation of the lower class of society, or the â€Å"working class†. Good with her hands, the character of Rosa is represented as being cunning and resourceful by one of the writers, and bitter and cruel by another. Depending on who is writing the story, there is a like and dislike of this character on several levels in regards to the interactions with both characters Don Lorenzo and Rosaura. Rosa is described as being from the working class, much different from Lorenzo’s first wife. The physical description describes Rosa as having â€Å"broad hips with generous breasts† who â€Å"reestablished† Don Lorenzo’s domestic comfort after the death of his first wife (p.9). Rosa is also described as coming from a different class background when being described by her customers: â€Å"Whoever would have thought it; from charwoman to gentlewoman, first wallowing in mud, then wallowing in wealth. But finery does not a lady make.†(p.8). This class jumping is important to recognize in the fact that Rosa was once Don Lorenzo’s wife’s caregiver, and now she has replaced the aristocratic mother and wife, defying the social system of poor vs. rich. Rosa’s character transitions from poor to rich, similar to a creative Puerto Rican rendition of a Cinderella story: rags to riches. Rosa is also instrumental in leading, or forcing the characters of Don Lorenzo and Rosaura to evolve or assimilate into the then current Puerto Rican culture. The character of an aristocratic daughter named Rosaura is introduced in the first paragraph. Rosaura was the daughter of a once wealthy sugar cane plantation owner named Don Lorenzo. It can be assumed that Rosaura was fairly young at the onset of this story, but old enough to read and attend  school. Her mother had recently died (reason is not specified) and her father quickly remarried to Rosa. This young girl loved to read books in a â€Å"dense overgrowth of crimson bougainvillea vines† (p.1). It should be noted that the color of crimson and red are repetitively used to describe associations with Rosaura. The red association is first in the flower on vine, then in the bloodlike guava compote which gets spilled on Rosa’s dress. The story represents Rosaura as an educated daughter, a part of the â€Å"aristocracy† who was described to possess the ability to read in a country where the illiteracy rate was very high. It can be assumed through Puerto Rican history and through the narrative description in the story, that unless you were of the wealthy class, education was not an option: â€Å"†¦she was forced to leave school because of his poor business deals† (p.9). The literacy rate was very poor in Puerto Rico which was a farming country. The characters that were literate in the Poisoned Story also represent the idea of who usually writes history, which is the literate, or the rich. The structure of the story is centered on the narrative theme of the concept â€Å"poisoned story†. The introduction starts with an excerpt from a book or story by A Thousand and One Nights, author unknown: And the King said to Ruyan the Wise Man: -Wise Man, there is nothing written. -Leaf through a few more pages. The King turned a few more pages, and Before long the poison began to course rapidly through his body. Then The King trembled and cried out: -This story is poisoned. This poem sets up the overwhelming major theme of the writer being in control of the story, and those words or interpretation being poison. The rising action of the story is centered around the different perspectives of the interpretations of the â€Å"history† of the story that is being commented on through the writers. Within the story there is the perception of several writers. Several parts to the story are written in a fairytale manner, with eloquently chosen words and beautiful descriptions of days past when the aristocracy led the social class structure and everyone seemed magically fantastical. Exquisite dolls, fancy dinners and luxuries were of the excess for the aristocracy while the working class struggled to put food on the table. The opposite perception of that same time is written in a language that seems to be sympathetic to Rosa and her hardships as being from the working class, trying â€Å"honestly† to work her way up the entrepreneur ladder in the fashion industry. The third voice in this story is that of Rosa herself who discriminates what is being written, the historicity and the interpretation of the situations being described within the story. Rosa’s voice is harsh and cutting, with a choice of very expressive language that invokes a cynical commentary on the para graphs written previously. All three voices within the story represent different views of the same situations or conflicts within and through the relationships of the characters. The conflict within the story is the relationship between the two classes of society making the adaptation to the changing societal norms. The concepts of the societal system have been shaken with the changing Puerto Rican political commonwealth. Don Lorenzo has been taken from his days of glory, with â€Å"patriotic zeal† and diminished to a â€Å"small town-writer† through the course of the story. What is interpreted by one is a fairy tale, is interpreted by another as a lie. The climax in the story is when Don Lorenzo agrees to allow Rosa to burn Rosaura’s books, after the sale of the plantation and house. Don Lorenzo had sold the house and plantation to benefit the dress shop opened by Rosa in  the house. As the shop put them into more and more debt, Lorenzo was forced to sell the plantation and then his land. When he sold the house, he was under the pretense that the mayor was going to â€Å"restore the house as a historic landmark, where the mementos of the sugarcane-growing aristocracy would be preserved for generations†(p. 15). Lorenzo had sold his home, then his heart when he conceded in allowing Rosa to burn his daughter’s books, the last tie he had with his culture that he seemed to value in the story. The last part of the story and resolution depicts the funeral of Don Lorenzo and Rosa finally reads the poisoned story at the end of Rosauras book. The book was the last gift given to Rosaura by her father. The resolution is in the reading the poisoned story by Rosa. Through out the story, Rosa never reads anything, as it was not in Rosa’s culture, most of the working class was illiterate. The shifting political powers and class jumping has brought Rosa to a new level in the culture of the aristocracy, education and the power of the written word, or better known as the poisoned story. The story has come full circle with Rosa’s character progression and metamorphosis to the upper class. Don Lorenzo lived by the romantic ideas and notions of an aristocratic society: A man could sell everything he had-his horse, his cart, his shirt, even the skin off his back- but one’s land, like one’s heart, must never be sold. (p.8). Symbolically, Don Lorenzo had sold out the culture he had for so long cherished and been proud of. He had lived through the first changes in hi s heritage when he began to work the plantation, and his house became decayed: It was there that the criollo’s first resistance to the invasion had taken place, almost a hundred years before. Don Lorenzo commemorated the day well, and he would enthusiastically re-enact the battle scene as he strode vigorously through the halls and parlors†¦ thinking of those heroic ancestors who had gloriously died for their homeland†¦however he had never  considered selling the house or the plantation (p. 13). After Lorenzo moved to the city, he began to write a book on the â€Å"patriot’s of our island’s independence† (13). The interpretation of the â€Å"history† of the invasion in 1898 is recollected by both Lorenzo and Rosa. Lorenzo describes the Civil War between the plantation system and slavery, but Rosa describes the same situation in terms of disregard. Rosa interprets the truth of the history in a different light, describing the rich of the island as a â€Å"plague of vultures† (14). The relationship between Rosaura, her father and Rosa weave magical realism through the interaction. Fictional and historical happenings are mixed with the fantastical in Poisoned Story. Examples of the magical realism start with the introductory poem where the set up to Rosa’s possible demise is introduced. The beginning of the story begins with a story about a poisoned story, or story book that poisons the reader. As the story progresses Rosaura reverts to an almost fantasy every time she indulges in her stories. The vivid description of the â€Å"fantasy world† that Rosa claims Rosaura lives in produces elements of fantasy mingled with realism: The house, like Rosaura’s books, was a fantasy world, filled with exquisite old dolls in threadbare clothes, musty wardrobes full of satin robes, velvet capes, and crystal candelabra which Rosaura used to swear she’d seen floating through the halls at night, held aloft by flickering ghosts (9). The author also uses repetition to create a tension around this story book, fantasy focus. Rosa is continually referring to Rosaura as a girl who does not â€Å"earn her keep† and who â€Å"lives in a storybook world, while she had to sew her fingers to the bone in order to feed them all† (12 & 16). The only time Rosaura is not referenced to her storybooks is when she cooks her father a meal and after they move to city. It is ironic that Rosaura stops reading her stories after the move to city which would symbolize Rosaura and Don Lorenzos paradise lost. The impression you get from the speaker is that Rosaura has stopped reading  her birthday present storybook because she is busy with her friends. However, as the story progresses, Rosaura has a dream about a tale of a poisoned story which has the mysterious power that would immediately destroy its first reader which is described to have frightened Rosaura. Yet, when the poisoned story is discovered, it is discovered by Rosa and written in a â€Å"thick guava-colored ink†, the same guava based ink Rosaura had spilled on Rosa’s dress. It should be noted that a wealthy man would have built up his library in that last century of Puerto Rican history. A culture that values education would have a strong tie to the impact of books. Coincidentally, Lorenzo agrees to give up his daughter’s books and last ties with his aristocratic culture at with Rosa’s insistence. The spilling of the compote symbolizes two things: the aristocratic culture that Lorenzo cherished so much and the death of that culture. In comparison, Rosa is never used in any whimsical or fantastical terms unless referring to her outward appearance and dresses or when she is referred to selling the â€Å"family heirlooms† (10&11). Rosa in presented much like the evil stepmother in fairy tale literature which adds to the dramatic effect and magical theme. The marriage between Lorenzo and Rosa is not based upon love on her part as she describes marrying him â€Å"out of pity† (9). The evil stepmother is also referred to as miserly, unless it has to do with her own dressings and wardrobe. The appearance of richness is far more important to Rosa than self worth. She also uses the appearance of education to further her desires in the story as she calls her store â€Å"The fall of the Bastille† and pretends to read at the funeral (10 &17). The success of Rosa’s store fulfilled her wishes of becoming an entrepreneur. She describes herself as being rich, yet she was very much in debt. Her idea of being rich could very well be interpreted as being â€Å"a free woman† as described on page 11. The mythical tone of the story is even carried over to the â€Å"salvation through style† philosophy, where the writer compares her work to a possible religious experience (11). The lavish materials and designs Rosa is described to put together are compared to the style and design of her pompous clients who dress like â€Å"witches† (12). Lastly, Rosa incorporates the fairy tale or magical qualitative of ultimatums which further the action of the story. Lorenzo on several occasions is co-coerced into doing whatever Rosa wants. The lust and bountiful bosom is a safe haven for Lorenzo, but in return Lorenzo must pay with his life. Lorenzo pays with his honor, plantation, home, and then heart. The end result is the poisoned story, a story whose interpretation is subjective, not necessarily objective. A story based upon history, written by an unobjective writer may write a â€Å"poisoned story†, with the possibility that truth in writing is subjective.

Education Sector Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Sprint and Managerial Economics - Essay Example ve their heart in the business, they have identified themselves with the business , customers on the other hand have identified themselves with the employees , they have build good rapport and their departure is likely to impact the business tremendously and in a negative way. Sprint Corporation would have explained to their employees the situation that the firm was facing and then give them an opportunity to chose as it happened in the case of Kelvin k company where employees were given a choice to chose leaving the company and seek new and greener pastures. Laying off employees is not a decision that is made in the short term, it is a decision that takes time therefore when the management of Sprint realized that they were headed for bad times they would automatically initiated the idea of voluntary retirement to their employees, in this way the loyal employees would not have felt betrayed. Sprint received a bad editorial coverage due to its lay off strategy. This included the media where most of the times the media sympathizes with the laid of employees and portrays them as victims, therefore Sprints consumers may have received the wrong impression of the corporation. The loyal employees also receive many privileges in the companies including immense trust, this does not escape the eyes of the customers who also in turn trust the employees more, whenever the employees move out of the company and transfer to other companies they make an effort to go with their customers greatly injuring the turnover of their previous company , this should never be allowed to happened particularly to a company that is experiencing financial constraints like Sprint Corporation. There are other options that Sprint would have followed including reducing employee allowances while awaiting the end of the constraints, those who would have felt that it was too much would have been given the liberty to leave the company and as stated above. Whenever a company is experiencing

Date) Similar Qualities and Circumstances between Melanie Ballinger in Essay

Date) Similar Qualities and Circumstances between Melanie Ballinger in Richard Bauschs Arent You Happy For Me and the Unnamed Narrator in Nurrudin Farahs My Father, The Englishman, and I - Essay Example In most families with problems, the most unfortunate thing is that although the parents are the ones with personal issues, it is the children who suffer from these. Both Melanie Ballinger in Richard Bausch’s â€Å"Aren’t You Happy For Me?† and the Unnamed Narrator in Nurrudin Farah’s â€Å"My Father, The Englishman, and I† share similar qualities and circumstances in the face of family conflicts. In both stories, each child defies his or her parent’s authority. In â€Å"Aren’t You Happy For Me?†, Melanie Ballinger defies her father when she decides to get married with William Coombes, a literature professor who is forty years older than she is and even nineteen years older than her own father. It seems obvious that Melanie knows that her father would be very upset because she employs several delaying tactics before she tells her father how old her fiance is. This means that she knows that he would be hurt. Nevertheless, the reas on why she has still bothered to tell him about it is only out of â€Å"family courtesy,† which she really tries to emphasize at the end of the story (Bausch). It also seems that Melanie does not trust her own father and this could be the reason for her defiance of his authority. In fact, she shows this distrust when after her father asks her to let William talk to him, she immediately asks him, â€Å"Do you promise not to yell at him?† (Bausch). This is clearly a sign that Melanie does not trust her own father and perhaps this is the reason that she challenges his authority. Perhaps, the ultimate sign that she does not respect her father’s authority anymore is when she tells him, â€Å"I would’ve been better than you were, Daddy, no matter how hard it was† and â€Å"If it wasn’t for Mom, we wouldn’t be [coming over for a visit]† (Bausch). Both these lines imply that Melanie does not anymore respect her father’s authorit y and she would even consider she and her mother to be greater than him in authority. The unnamed narrator in â€Å"My Father, The Englishman, and I† actually shows the same defiance of authority but he directs it towards his own father at first, and later on towards his own mother. At first, the narrator’s mother as well as the narrator himself would both hate his father’s kowtowing to the Englishman. Moreover, the narrator would find it ironic that his father would be â€Å"kindness itself to non-family [but] temperamental with his dependents† (Farah). Such hatred and temperament is obviously hated by the narrator, and he expresses such hatred, resentment and defiance of his father’s authority by resisting eating the boiled sweets that the Englishman sends along with his father. However, such defiance changes in the second half of the story, after the narrator’s mother dies, he begins defying her legacy by taking the side of his father and the Englishman. At this point in his life, he accepts a new allegiance as the Englishman â€Å"embraced† him (Farah). However, although his mother has died, the narrator regrets that he was not able to do anything to prevent the clan elders from agreeing to the treaty of the English: â€Å"Had I been present, or had my mother been consulted, maybe this would not have occurred† (Farah). Although perhaps the narrator has had no choice but to take his father’s side when his mother died, deep down maybe he did not want this change to happen. Perhaps, there is some reason why Melanie Ballinger and the unnamed narrator has shown defiance of their parents’ authority, and it could have been because they do not understand their parents. The reason could rather be something deeper. Both characters have parents who are

HISTORY OF THE CLAY BRICK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HISTORY OF THE CLAY BRICK - Essay Example Clay bricks have been in use as building material even before the Roman periods. However  its use  increased in the first four centuries during the Roman rule. This is a one of the outstanding structures of a beehive made out of bricks. Characteristics of bricks Bricks as a building material boast of being versatile due to its very good climatic uniqueness. For most people, it remains the material that is most preferred for constructing most residential houses. In addition, bricks have an excellent fire rating as well as being able weatherproof against extreme weather changes. It also has good auditory properties since it can hold sound within a desired area. Moreover, besides all that it is cheap because it’s worth amounts to about 10 percent of the total charges of a classic residential structure. This low cost and durability of brick buildings make it to be more valued (Kanti, 2008). Brick making in the old days As Harrison (1998) observes, bricks are usually modeled fr om sticky soil known as clay which is  derived from weathered and composed silicates. In early times, brick making was undertaken by small groups of people particularly men who prepared brick by combining water and soil. After casting out bricks from the brick moulds, it was then allowed to loose moisture. Bricks were thereafter placed in a fire furnace that would burn out water content at very high temperatures of between 400 to 1770 degrees Celsius.

What Ethics Means to the Writer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Ethics Means to the Writer - Assignment Example Personally, I believe that ethics involves knowing the difference between wrong and right, specifically through a process in which one figures out whether a certain action should or should not be carried out. For instance, if presented with a chance to shoplift in a supermarket due to a commotion, knowing that shoplifting is wrong and stopping me from doing it is being ethical. However, doing it even in the knowledge that it is wrong would be unethical. Obeying the law is also a part of being ethical, for example, ensuring that one has car insurance is a legal requirement and, therefore, ethical, while failing to acquire car insurance despite being required to do so for safety purposes is unethical. Ethics are also important in one’s career with numerous individual choices in the workplace being made on a daily basis. Whether one is a CEO or an employee, choices related to ethics will have a unique set of circumstances and significance, as well as the potential to produce diverse results. Ethics play a critical and constant role in the corporation and in an individual employee’s career. For example, the code of conduct and ethical behavior materials are obligatory in most corporations and the ability to follow these regulations and rules ensures that the individual is able to further their career without disciplinary issues and, therefore, it is important to follow the required ethics in the workplace. Finally, ethics are also important in society, which can be seen by the number of topics that have given rise to ethical debates in the US, such as organ donation after death and use of non-renewable- fossil fuel. Ethical debates in society normally have wide relevance, do not have definitive answers, and often involve very sensitive areas or topics.

Interdiscuplinary Study in Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Interdiscuplinary Study in Consumer Behaviour Essay With the development of a consumer society, increasing consumer power in the market place, the growth in marketing, advertising, sophisticated consumers, ethical consumption etc, consumption is recognized as central to modern life. Thus it entails to go into a depth of the different approaches to consumer behaviour. Many human sciences give a variety of reasons to explain why a consumer behaves in a particular way in a given situation. Studies of consumption investigate how and why society and individuals consume goods and services, and how this affects society and human relationships. These are found in many social sciences such as economics, psychology, sociology, etc. The present study tries to investigate these theories based on consumption and consumer behaviour and how far these are interlinked as well as different from one another. It is also aimed at studying the relevance of these theories with the help of primary data and research. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is some interlink between the various theories and approaches given by different economists, psychologists and sociologists. The hypothesis framed for the research is that Consumption is greatly influenced by the income factor. The data used in the study was mostly secondary in nature from the internet and reference to several books. The theories of consumption studied for this purpose are the demand theory, indifference curve analysis, revealed preference theory, Keynes’ consumption theory, permanent income hypothesis, relative income hypothesis, life-cycle hypothesis, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, the sociological theories of consumption given by G. Katona, Ruby Turner Norris and the theory of Conspicuous consumption given by Veblen. An attempt has been made to study consumer behaviour with the help of primary data collected from a sample of 40 people from 4 categories namely, students, housewives, employees and businessmen. They were asked to rank the different factors that influence their buying behaviour. The influential factors given in the questionnaire were taken from the consumption theories given in economics, sociology as well as psychology as given above. From the analysis of both primary as well as secondary data, it was found that majority of people give importance to their income level. However, it is also found that, besides income factor, people also think about sociological and psychological factors while purchasing a commodity such as security, safety, fashion, advertising, comforts and prestige issues. As given in the Sociological theories of G. Katona and Norris, it was seen after the primary data analysis that the economic theory of consumption lacks such social structural variables. Thus it is concluded that in the construction of any consumption function or theory – for a particular product, for a particular class of products, or for consumption in general – not either economic or sociological or psychological variable is to be regarded as the key determinant. Different combinations of all these three enter into different statements of consumption functions at different situations and time periods according to the necessity or urgency of the wants.

Us Beer Industry Overview Essay Example for Free

Us Beer Industry Overview Essay The beer industry is widely known for been an oligopoly. However, in our approach, we will explore the possibility of analyzing microbreweries in particular from a monopolistic competition market structure perspective. The beer market oligopoly is composed by three big players: Anheuser-Busch which holds 48 % of the market share, Miller Brewing Co. , with 18% and Coors Brewing Co. with 11%. Please refer to the below graph and table for information regarding the market share held by the remaining companies. (Market shares are shown based on shipments of 205. 6 million cases in 2005 and 210 in 2006). Based on the above market shares, we calculated the concentration ratio of the three big players and the Herfindahl Hirshman Index for the industry. Both measures confirm that the Beer Industry is indeed a highly concentrated one as the concentration of the big three players is almost 80% and the HHI is well above the 1,800 threshold. Market Analysis The demand in the beer market is characterized by flat consumption trends although we can currently identity two growing markets: First, a domestic niche market for microbreweries, and second, the international market that is currently been targeted by our big national brands. Another very strong market trend is the consolidation of many national brewers. This consolidation has been driven by the increased regulatory burdens and taxation in the industry as well as by changes in demographics: greater alcohol awareness, slow population growth, aging population, etc. Through consolidation, brewers can accomplish economies of scale and other supply chain synergies. Parallel to this trend, there has also been an expansion of specialty brewers (microbreweries) that target more sophisticated and knowledgeable beer drinkers. The players in this market focus on differentiation and therefore can afford to charge premium prices for their products. This is actually the niche market on which we will focus our analysis on in the later part of this paper. Barriers to Entry Standard and poor label the barriers to entry in the beer industry as relatively minimal; however, once firms enter the market, it is really difficult for them to remain competitive. The high barriers to entry are partially due to the fact that the beer industry is a relatively mature industry and that the market is dominated by very well established leaders. Other factors constituting barriers to entry are: an increased tendency for vertical integration (i. e the three largest brewers each own subsidiaries to perform non-brewing functions like grain elevators, milling, can manufacture, labels, etc), advantages of economies of scale and a very intense price competition. As a result, the new entrants are mainly microbrewers which are focusing on a new type of demand. Production Inputs Big or small, companies in the beer market are competing for the same resources and are affected by the prices’ fluctuations of their inputs. In the beer market, some of the key inputs to consider in any economic analysis are grains, hops and yeast. Strategy to succeed: ? Market Leadership ? Expanded market share (internationally) ? Price Increase ? Production efficiencies ? Recent differentiation – Premium Price i. e. Anheuser-Busch – Michelob Ultra for â€Å"Atkins† taste Industry niche markets Smaller micro brews ? Highly fragmented but growing ? Only growing market segment in the domestic beer industry ? Target small consumer market segments with high price inelasticity ? Rely on regional brewers for production to avoid high entry costs ? Market Trends: Consolidation of National Brewers: Flat Consumption trends Regulatory Burdens High Taxation Greater alcohol awareness Slow population growth Aging population Expansion of Specialty Brewers: Uniqueness and high price points High demand in category Constant high prices to attract sophisticated drinker [pic]. ? Although the barriers to entry are classified by SP as relatively minimal, it is still extremely difficult for firms to remain profitable once they enter. Barriers may include: The market is a relatively mature Industry The market is dominated by well established leaders Increasing vertical integration Economies of scale advantages (i. e. the three largest brewers each own subsidiaries to perform non-brewing functions like grain elevators, milling, can manufacture, labels, etc) High price competition New entrants are niche markets – microbreweries ? Grains (i. e. barley, wheat, rice, malt, sugar, etc. ) ? Hops (cascade) ? Water (H2O) ? Yeast FORECAST o Reduced market shares for national brands o Weak domestic consumption trends = Price increases to improve margins for sustained profitability However, o Signs of competitive pricing o Potential decreases in industry-wide pricing levels / decreased operating margins. C3 (2006): 77. 70 % HHI (2006): 2,831. 79.

A SWOT Analysis Of Emirates Airline Tourism Essay

A SWOT Analysis Of Emirates Airline Tourism Essay Introduction Emirates Airline was founded on October 25th 1985 with a flight from Dubai to Karachi using a leased A300 Airbus. Now the airline has more than 150 airplanes, making 2,300 flights a week to 103 destinations in 65 Countries on 6 Continents. Emirates Airline is owned by the Government of Dubai, HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Maktoum is the Chairman and Chief Executive. 2.0 Mission Their mission is to be able to carry a passenger from anywhere on this planet, via Dubai, to any other place on the world. Their procurements division mission is to provide an innovative and responsive service that positively supports the group in a commercially astute manner. We want to constantly renew ourselves, shedding the past, adapting to change and creating a promising future. 2.1 Vision The vision and the principles which propel the airline forward is for a strong and stable leadership team, ambitious yet calculated decision-making and ground-breaking ideas all contribute to the creation of great companies. Of course, these have played a major part in our development, but we believe our business ethics are the foundation on which our success has been built. Caring for our employees and stakeholders, as well as the environment and the communities we serve, have played a huge part in our past and will continue to signify our future 3.0 Competitors When the airline first started, its main rivals were British Airways and Gulf Air. In 2007, Emirates airline dominates the Asian Pacific Continent market share with 39%, Singapore Airlines 26% with Gulf Air reduced to 8%, but with Dubai s tourism soaring, other locally based airlines are trying to increase their passengers. These two airlines are Etihad Airlines and Qatar Airways. Other rivals, jealous of the success of Emirates Airlines have prompted their governments to limit Emirates Airlines access to airports. These are Air France and Lufthansa. 4.0 Stakeholders The stakeholders include the groups employment of more than 40,000 persons. Dnata Airport Operations is responsible for ground handling and Freighter handling. Like it parent company, Dnata is rapidly expanding and now is represented in nineteen international airports in eight countries. Emirates SkyCargo, as the name suggests, handles the cargo side of the business, it has eight freighters carrying 1.6 million tonnes of cargo a year to 25 destinations. This contributed 17.2% of the total transport revenue and on March 27th 2011 managed the first ever fully paperless flight having electronic air waybills in line with the groups green policy. Other stakeholders include Alpha Flight Group Ltd (owned by Dnata) who supply over 120,000 in flight meals daily at 58 airports in 11 countries. Alpha directly employ nearly 6,000 persons. Emirates Engineering are responsible for the aircraft maintenance who can proudly boast there has never been a fatal incident involving any of their fleet. Emirates/skywards handle the frequent flyer programme and e-mail existing customers regarding special offers. More diverse stakeholders are Mercator; this is the I.T. solutions provider to the global air travel industry for the Emirates group. Exploiting the tourism bonanza, Dnata Travel Services are the travel agents, Congress Solutions International provide professional congress organisation. Emirates Holidays are the official tour operators, Arabian Adventures sell overland explorer escorted trips as well as cruises down the creek and deep sea fishing in the Gulf Sea. Away from the U.A.E., the group own the Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa in Australia; this is a 4,000 acre conservation resort 5.0 SWOT Analysis of Emirates 5.1 Strengths One of the strengths of Emirates Airline appear to be their independence, they have resisted the temptation of mergers and acquisitions with other airlines. The thinking behind this is that they think that such actions will strangle their flexibility, being able to change direction quickly without having to seek agreement with outside partners. They also decided to allow free competition, the thoughts behind this decision was they believe encouraging competition would see an overall increase in the standards and the Emirates Airline are in a position to be a good performer, acknowledged within the industry. Furthermore, they wanted to show they were not frightened of any other airline, that they were forerunners not just trying to financially survive but were focussed at the most important part of the airline industry (with the exception of safety) in giving the customers what they want. This goes beyond the amount of leg room, the quality of the food served and keeping delays and ca ncellations to a minimum. Nowadays, people are aware of their carbon footprint and Emirates have made key decisions regarding their own environmental programme. Although the average age of the fleet is only 6.5 years, they are investing heavily in the 650 seat A380 Airbus which are the worlds most fuel and emission-efficient planes. The on-board kitchens are the most eco-efficient in the world and they recycle more than 100 tonnes of paper, plastic and aluminium a month. As per the official website of Emirate they are named the best airline of the year 2010-2011 5.2 Weakness -Not all of diversification and approach have been successful and this can be considerate as one the flaws or weaknesses of the company. Analysts have accused the company for focusing too much on their high end acquisitions and diversification inspite of the risky effect of such decisions -Another potential weakness is that the operating profit is based on low wages paid to the general workforce for duties such as baggage handlers, cleaners, and caterers. They are generally recruited from India and are non unionised. These migrant workers face instant deportation if they show resentment to the wage structure. 5.3 Opportunity -A huge opportunity for growth is the physical location of the Emirates. China has the fastest growing economy in the region and possibly in the world, and with that growth comes a greater demand for air travel and air-freight movements. If this requirement is aggressively marketed then Emirates Airline could fulfil this demand with its network of air routes and the ability to be flexible as previously described. 5.4 Threats -Threats to the airline can come from other established airline companies. As they see their diminishing passenger numbers on their traditional routes, they see the traveller numbers to the U.A.E. increasing and will try to prise the Emirates Airline passengers away by undercutting the ticket price. -The airline industry is notoriously volatile and subject to cyclical variations of trade. Emirates Airlines seems to weathered the storm in the current global recession, not cutting back on its ambitious expansion plans. Only time will tell if the correct decisions were made. 6.0 Emirates Strategy -The cornerstone of Emirate Airlines success is quality control. Creating and maintaining a state of the art airline for the sole purpose of keeping their customers happy. -Extensive aviation training. The company not only trains young employees but also trains other people within the industry. -Has successfully created a resort, hotel and tourism strategy. This was done by the creation and acquisition of various resorts and spas, even in this field emphasis was given on quality control and comfort. -Emirates Airline have always strived to make their passengers satisfied, winning awards for the innovative in-flight entertainment system, immaculately dressed cabin crew. Because of this it is now a brand name globally. -It has direct routes compared with the much hated stop-over that other carriers frequently use . -The main reasons for the airlines success is to make creative decisions, a unique business model, thriving on flexibility, made on a sound foundations but it may have to reel in part of its open sky policy and expand its global market in line with its vision of being able to take any passenger from one place on the planet to any other place on the planet via Dubai. 7.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the rise of Emirates Airlines from its inaugural flight in 1985 to the now prestigious airline voted 8th best carrier in the world good luck or good judgement? Has the success been due to excellent planning and vision or merely success on the back of the tourism explosion in Dubai? Has the decision to shun any strategic alliances both regionally and globally, which for decades has been the main business tactic in the airline industry been correct?

The Importance of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet Essay example -- Ha

The Importance of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet The Shakespearean play, Hamlet, is a story of revenge and the way the characters in the play respond to grief and the demands of loyalty. The importance of Fortinbras and Laertes in the play is an issue much discussed, analysed and critiqued. Fortinbras and Laertes are parallel characters to Hamlet, and they provide pivotal points on which to compare the actions and emotions of Hamlet throughout the play. They are also important in Hamlet as they are imperative to the plot of the play and the final resolution. Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras are three young men who are placed in similar circumstances, that is, to avenge their father's deaths. The way the each comes to terms with their grief and how they rise to the call of vengeance is one of main contrasts between the three. Laertes is a mirror to Hamlet. Shakespeare has made them similar in many aspects to provide a greater base for comparison when avenging their respective father's deaths. Hamlet and Laertes love Ophelia. Hamlet wishes Ophelia to be his wife, Laertes loves Ophelia as a sister. Hamlet is a scholar at Wittenberg, and Laertes at France. Both are admired for their swordsmenship. Both men loved and respected their fathers, and display deviousness when plotting to avenge their father's deaths. Hamlet's response to grief is a trait starkly contrasted by Laertes. Laertes response to the death of his father is immediate. He is publicly angry, and he leads the public riot occuring outside Castle Elsinore, which Polonius' death and quick burial served as a catalyst. He is suspicious, as is evident in his speech to Claudius. "How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. / To hell, allegiance!"(Act 4, 5:130). Hamlet, however is very private with his grief. His mourning for King Hamlet is long and drawn out, two months after his father's death, he is still observed to be wearing "...suits of solemn black."[(Act1, 2:78) Claudius and Gertrude comment on his unhappiness, however it is not until Hamlet's first soliloquy that the audience is made aware of the depth of his suffering. Although dismayed at his mother's quick remarriage to his uncle, Hamlet suspects nothing of his father's murder until the ghost discloses this to him. When brought to the call of avenging their father's deaths, Laertes is fast to act, he is wants revenge and he wants ... ...s assumption to the lands he sought to attain, and the throne he ironically set out to avenge. As is hinted throughout the play, the state of Denmark has become corrupt. Marcellus' famous quote "There is something rotten in the state of Denmark"(Act 1, 5:90) is complemented by various other observations. "...tis an unweeded garden,"(Act 1, 2:134) and "our state to be disjoint and out of frame,"(Act 1, 2:20). In Elizabethan times it was generally thought that a monarch had to have rightful claim to the throne, lest the state descend into chaos. Fortinbras is essential to this overlying story line, as he is fundamental to the resolution of the corruption. The overlying story line is to make what was bad become good, and thus a complete resolution is needed. Fortinbras is instrumental in this resolution: as the only nobleman left to claim the throne rightfully, Hamlet bequeaths not only the land that Old Fortinbras lost, but also the state of Denmark. Hence Fortinbras attains what he had vowed to avenge, and the play comes full circle. All that made the state of Denmark rotten, a ll those involved with the corruption, are now dead hence the overlying story plot is fully resolved.

General Motors Inc. Essay -- Business, Entrepreneurship, Innovation

General Motors incorporates entrepreneurship and innovation into its business objectives. This is evident in General Motors Vision statement which states that its goal is to â€Å"lead in advanced technologies and quality by creating the world’s best vehicles†. (1) For instance General Motors has an extensive R & D, Design, and Engineering department that oversees the creativity, innovation, and invention of its strategic technologies and innovation programs which are aligned with its corporate vision. In order to lead in advanced technologies of the world’s best vehicles General Motors incorporates entrepreneurship and innovation concepts, which are essential to competing in the global market place.(2) In the spirit of entrepreneurship, which is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources,(5) General Motors is a majority shareholder in GM Daewoo Auto & Technology Company of South Korea, and has product, powertrain and purchasing collaborations wit h Suzuki Motor Corporation in Japan.(3) These associations allow General Motors to maneuver into specific customer markets and broaden its product base. Being an innovative organization also requires General Motors to establish advanced technology collaborations, which it has with Daimler AG and BMW AG of Germany and Toyota Motor Corp. of Japan (3) as well as promoting competitiveness and deferring the cost of the research and development. (2) One example of innovation, which is the process of devising a new idea or thing, or improving an existing idea (5), is the two-mode hybrid system being used today on GM’s hybrid pickups and SUV’s. This was a result of the partnership between BMW and GM in which both manufacturers benefited. BMW benefited from GM’s battery, extended ran... ...nd meet their quality targets. Your most important customer will be able to pick and choose any type of options that they want on their Cruze, when they want it. Competition – Our scissor lifts were bought in a package deal for our paint shop and three others. Not installing this new lock retaining nut will leave us susceptible to thousands of units being lost along with idling hundreds of people. Not to mention the increase in the cost per vehicle because we did not meet or production targets. In conclusion, innovation and the need for it will never diminish no matter how big or small. For me, my company, and my country innovation is the key to our success and our very existence. With that being said, you better not have a great idea and have no one to sell it to. The customer will always be first, second, and third for that matter, if we are to succeed.

Class Conflict in Britain :: Politics Political

Class Conflict in Britain "Class conflict has gradually been diluted by growing affluence." "The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle." This famous opening line from Marx Communist Manifesto refers to the struggle between the labouring, working classes and the bourgeoisie owners of the means of production. The proletariat are exploited by the capitalists for profit and are therefore forced to live in poverty and dire conditions. Marx predicted that eventually the proletariat would overthrow this capitalist system and replace it with a system which is often referred to as Communist - whereby the workers have control. Today, whenever the words 'class' or 'class conflict' are mentioned people usually turn to Marx definition and picture the poor worker fighting for better pay, better living and working conditions. The typical class conflict is typified as workers versus the owners, or bourgeoisie. In Britain this struggle did not develop in the way that Marx predicted - there has never been a genuine proletariat revolutionary threat. In its place has been a tradition of reformist socialism with the Labour Party and the Trades Unions being the main campaigners. In Britain the traditional class conflict is often depicted as Labour Party versus Conservative Party. The Labour Party have fought for workers rights and have been supported at elections by the working class, whereas the Conservatives have drawn most of their support from the middle classes. It is argued that today this traditional class conflict, depicted in no better fashion than the Miners' Strike of 1984, has been diluted by growing affluence. In otherwords the working class have become economically better off. They were given the right to buy council houses, to own shares and have, it is argued, become more middle class. The working class today have a lot more to lose in a fierce class struggle and are therefore happy to uphold the system. The huge decline in the traditional industries, such as coal, has coincided with a rise in the size of the non-manual, service industry - the sphere in which the 'middle classes' tend to be employed. In 1964 50% of the workforce were employed in the manual sector, compared to 36% in 1992. These figures coincide with a 15% rise in the non-manual, 'petty bourgeoisie' jobs. Whilst there may be some truth in this 'embourgeoisement' theory, there is also no doubting the fact that it is an exaggerated view. To say that 'we are all middle class' (Blair 1998) is an absurdity. Class conflict may have been subdued but not only because of growing affluence. The capitalists have managed to silence what was once a

Education in the United States Essay

Education is one of the most significant events in someone’s social life, yet a controversy. Many would think how is education a controversy; well a problem that concerns many parents would be their child’s low testing scores and behavioral problems. This results in the American education system failing to educate students with efficient knowledge to succeed in college or in the work force. While people are finding the solution of changing the education system by using the Asian model, others believe in keeping the American model by adjusting it to make it useful. Even though they both have their advantages and disadvantages the best education system for the United States would be the Asian model. The United States fundamental instruction is to see every child in school and do their best in all subjects. According to William S. Robinson, â€Å"New Math-Science Study Rates U.S Students Mediocre At Best†, American eighth-graders scored better than 17 nations in math and 18 nations in science. This concludes that students were making progress in their class subjects making the United States above all nations. Indeed the United States method has worked, but not helped students obtain knowledge for college or any other form of education. The United States has failed in teachers presenting poor teaching skills to students. For example, American teachers try to cover as much information as possible on a certain subject, as stated by Robinson’s article. Students gather so much information that as a result they do not understand half of what is being taught. After plenty of information is being accumulated, children are left confused and left unknown. The Asian educational method provides students with rigorous essentials of teaching. For example, one way they have students motivated is by exceling in modern technology, found in James Fallows, †Strengths, Weaknesses, and Lessons of Japanese Education†. Students get to engage in a way they never  have before putting their mind into a process of thought and imagination. The flaw on the Asian method is how they have an excessive pressure on students. The pressure includes staying extra hours after school learning more curriculums, complete coursework with excellence, and get into a prestigious university. The number one focus for these kids is to study until they achieve their goal. To make progress in the United States the education system needs to be taken to a different level. By making this happen the United States should reinforce the Asian model of the education system. One Asian method that can be applied is stressing on students on how effort is the explanation of achievement. According to Barbara Vobejda, â€Å" Why are U.S Kids Poor In Math?† implies how Americans see lack of improvement in a subject because they are not good. Whereas Asian mothers sit down one on one helping their child with certain equations. They expect their child to have everything done perfectly, no errors or smudges. This helps improve the performance of the student and helps the student grasp the information at an easy pace. Even though they have a lot of pressure they manage to accomplish their goals and aspirations. By changing the education system students will produce well-built math skills, excellence in language arts, and creativeness in fine arts. The United States education system needs to be changed in a way where students will excel in their learning. The change will benefit millions of children during their academic learning experience and make them successful. The solution is implying Asian methods, making the United States education system stronger. The United States will create stability in schools, excellent test scores, and performances at schools will rise.

Environmental Factors Role in Obesity Epidemic Essay

Are Environmental Factors the Main Reasons for Obesity Epidemic? In her essay† What’s to Blame for the Surge in Super-Size Americans? † Tori DeAngelis discusses the various factors that lead to obesity. DeAngelis reminds us that obesity is getting worse and worse by the day. According to the current government estimate, about 65 percent of Americans are obese or overweight. DeAngelis states three factors that contribute to obesity. These are environmental factors, stress and gene factors. The author gives mainly two causes, environmental and gene factors. The other factor is the gene factor. In this essay, it is said that gene factors may also have an effect in causing people to be overweight and obese. I strongly believe that environmental factors are the major factors which play a great role in obesity. As DeAngelis stated in her essay, easy access to fast food is one of the major environmental factors that contributes to obesity (Page 291). Today, there are close to 160,000 fast food restaurants in United States. These restaurants are fast, fun, inexpensive, and can be found almost everywhere. When people look a quick, easy meal to grab on the go, fast food is the common solution. It’s far too easy to choose fast food over cooking a healthy meal at home and when it comes to eating out, temptation often wins. Fast food is the driving force behind the epidemic of obesity. It contains large amounts of fat accumulates in your body. You will gain weight and that could lead to obesity. The more weight you gain, the more you will be at risk for serious chronic illnesses such as diabetes, stroke, heart disease and debilitating conditions. The second environmental factor which DeAngelis states on her essay is lack of physical activity (Page 292). Lack of physical activity is a major environmental factor that contributes to obesity epidemic. The lack of physical activity is one reason why people get obese. The remote control, video games, automobiles, televisions and to some extent computers are all parts of the environment which discourages people from being physically active. Some people live in neighborhood where they can’t go outside because walking and running is too dangerous. Plus, given that we are becoming fatter, it becomes less interesting to exercise. As you know, weight gain occurs when calories consumed exceed calories burned. Physical activity plays a key role in energy balance because it uses up calories consumed. The third environmental which DeAngelis state on her essay is stress (Page 292). Stress is another major environmental factor that contributes to epidemic of obesity. When people are really stressed, they tend to crave comfort foods that are high in fat or sugar. They may eat often even when they are not hungry. People learn to eat as a way to cope with stress. They may be too exhausted to exercise regularly when they are under a lot stress. Once a friend told me obese people are often embarrassed about their weight and appearance. This leads to more depression, so they turn to food to feel better, which makes the problem even worse. So everybody should try not to stress themselves in order to keep their body fit and to live a healthy life. In conclusion, as DeAngelis states the rate of people getting obese is increasing. And she tells us the factors that are causing this problem. I think this is happening mainly because of the environmental factors. We all have to realize how damaging obesity can be to the body and for our overall health. Obesity is something that is increasingly on the rise today and will continue to rise unless we do something about it. Informing people how bad it really is and encouraging people to live a health enhancing lifestyle is one way to reduce the growth of obesity. A healthy diet and exercising are the keys not to become obese. Last but not least both the people and health professionals have a critical role compelling the fast food industry to change the way it does business.

Cost Sheet

We take this opportunity to thank Prof Jayesh Jain for giving us an insight , his valuable advice , timely suggestions and constant support throughout the project. We would also like to thank Mr. Raj Raut who is into the ice-cream business for the valuable information that he shared with us ,which proved to be very helpful while preparing the project ABSTRACT This project report is prepared to study the cost analysis of Amul ice cream and to formulate the cost sheet to find the per unit cost of a single Amul ice cream cup of 100 gm(fruit and nut). Our colleagues uncle also helped us in finding the various cost involved in manufacturing ice cream and we also got information from www. amulicecream. in.OVERVIEW OF ICE-CREAM INDUSTRY History:- The ice cream industry is mainly governed by the prevention of food and adulteration act (PFA)-1954 in India. The ice cream market growth picked up after de-reservation of the sector in 1997. History of Indian ice-cream industry is very old started in un-organized sector and mainly the popular product was kulfi. New technologies and freezers are the main force behind the development. Future is bright for ice-cream industry in India. Production –area:- In rural areas, kulfis / ice creams made by small / cottage industry are popular. The market for organized sector is restricted to large metropolitan cities.In small towns and villages, there are thousands of small players who produce ice- creams / kulfis in their home backyard and cater to the local market. Almost 40% of the ice creams sold in the country are consumed in the western region with Mumbai being the main market, followed by 30% in the north and 20% in the south. Industry Snapshot:- †¢ Market Size – 1200 Crores †¢ Ice Cream market is growing at 26% (yoy) Major players:- 1. Amul – Market Leader with share of 36% 2. HLL – Kwality Walls – 2nd biggest player 3. Mother Diary 4. Arun – Chennai Based Hatsun Agro Product Fe w Brands/ Target Consumers 1. Youth Centric – Chillz 2. Kids – Moo 3. Teenagers – Cornetto 4. Health Conscious – Amul Sugarfree & Pro-Life Future of Ice Cream Market in India:-Ice Cream market will expand with increase in number of malls. Also companies like – HLL has been increasing their ice cream outlets – Swirl. Few years ago consumers use to go out for walk after dinner and use to buy ice creams from hawkers. But now consumer who often visit malls for entertainment prefers to buy ice creams during different times of the day as it is visible upfront and feel like spending Rs. 50 for that tasty chocolate swirl with cake and nuts. As marketers are understanding the different needs of consumers, be it health conscious people- (Amul sugar free and pro-life ice-cream) , kids, youngsters, etc, and are coming up with products specific for them. with portfolio of flavors, consumer today has plethora of options at hand to choose from and therefor e high probability of buying one more scoop of ice cream.Also with increasing wallet size and innovative modern retail formats, it has definitely given a Philip to the ice cream industry in India. About the company Amul [pic] Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation:- Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) is India's largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Some statistics about the company:- The Turnover of Amul was Rs. 52. 55 billion in 2007-08. Members: |13 district cooperative milk producers' Union | | |2. 7 million | |No. of Producer Members: | | |No. of Village Societies: |13,141 | |Total Milk handling capacity: |10. 21 million liters per day | |Milk collection (Total – 2007-08): |2. 69 billion liters | |Milk collection (Daily Average 2007-08): |7. million liters | |Milk Drying Capacity: |626 Mts. per day | |Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: |3090 Mts per day | AMUL –the brand:- Amul -the age old brand brand belongs to (GCMMF). AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† comes from the Sanskrit word â€Å"Amoolya,† and was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. Today Amul is a symbol of many things. Of high-quality products sold at reasonable prices. Of the genesis of a vast co-operative network.Of the triumph of indigenous technology. Of the marketing savvy of a farmers' organization. And of a proven model for dairy development. Various products under the brand name Amul :- Amul products have been in use in millions of homes since 1946. †¢ Amul Butter, †¢ Amul Milk Powder, †¢ Amul Ghee, †¢ Amul Cheese, †¢ Amul Chocolates, †¢ Amul Shrikhand, †¢ Amul Ice creams, †¢ Nutramul, Amul Milk and †¢ Amulya have made Amul a leading food brand in India. Some facts about the Amul ice cream:- †¢ Amul Ice Cream was launched on 10th March, 1996 in Gujarat. †¢ The portfolio consisted of impulse products like sticks, cones, cups as well as take home packs and institutional/catering packs. In 1997, Amul ice creams entered Mumbai followed by Chennai in 1998 and Kolkata and Delhi in 2002. Nationally it was rolled out across the country in 1999. †¢ Has combated competition like Walls, Mother Dairy and achieved the No 1 position in the country. This position was achieved in 2001 and it has continued to remain at the top.†¢ Today the market share of Amul ice cream is 38% share against the 9% market share of HLL, thus making it 4 times larger than its closest competitor. †¢ Amul’s entry into ice creams is regarded as successful due to the large market share it was able to capture within a short period of time – due to price differential, quality of products an d of course the brand name. Ice cream range:- Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi) †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range – (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Nature's Treat – (Alphanso Mango, Fresh Litchi, Shahi Anjir, Fresh Strawberry, Black Currant, Santra Mantra, Fresh Pineapple) †¢ Sundae Range- (Mango, Black Currant, Sundae Magic, Double Sundae) †¢ Assorted Treat – (Choco bar, Dollies, Frostik, Ice Candies, Tricone, Choco crunch, Megabite, Cassatta) †¢ Utterly Delicious – (Vanilla, Strawberry, Chocolate, Chocochips, Cake Magic) ost sheet analysis Direct Cost : | Direct materials | | | |To manufacture one ice cream cup below are the components or raw materials required with their unit cost : | Dry Fruits – 3 % Milk â⠂¬â€œ 70% Flavours – 5 % Other ingredients – 4 % Sugar – 16 % Cup – 2 % 1) Direct Labour : There are 17 workers employed in the production of the ice cream and each worker is paid Rs 2000 per month . 2) Direct Costs or expenses :The direct cost includes costs incurred in bringing the raw materials into the factory ie. Carriage inward. The raw materials are purchased every month and costs involved for carriage are Rs 1840. Indirect Costs: 1) Factory Overheads: The Factory Overheads includes the indirect labour, factory rent, insurance and depreciation on machinery, power, factory supervisor’s salary ,packing material, ware house expenses and other factory expenses. †¢ Indirect labour : This includes 3 sweepers whose average salaries are Rs. 1000 each. †¢ Insurance: The total insurance amount is Rs 15000. †¢ Break up of the total insurance amount for Machinery – 1200000 Land – 500000(1000 sq. ft. * Rs. 500 per sq. ft. ) à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Depreciation on machinery : There are 6 machines in the factory ,one machine is used for making ice creams which is Boiler and other are Refrigerators . The cost of Boiler is Rs 300000 and Refrigerators are worth of Rs. 900000. The depreciation method followed is SLM @ 7%. †¢ Power & Fuel: The monthly average cost of power consumption of the factory is Rs 42375. †¢ Supervisor’s salary : The factory has 2 supervisors and salary of each supervisor is Rs 2500. †¢ Cost of maintenance : oiling and cleaning of machinery and other miscellaneous expences for maintainance. 2) Office and administration overheads:-Office and administration overheads include office rent, salary to staff, office and general expenses, printing and stationary, telephone expenses, electricity and lightings †¢ Office rent: The per sq. ft rate of the Office is Rs 18. The area of the factory is 300 sq. ft. †¢ Salary to staff : the office staff has three employees. A peon, clerk a nd an Accountant and the salaries are Rs 800, Rs 2200 and Rs 4000 respectively. †¢ Office and general expenses: This comprise refreshments(tea and snacks). †¢ Telephone Expenses:- Calls made by the staff members. †¢ Electricity and lightings:- It consists of office lighting and air conditioning expenses. 3) Sales and distribution overheads:- Sales Commission : As a part of encouragement for sales people ,they are given commission of 2. 5 % of the total sales done by them.†¢ Discount allowed : To attract retailer to buy the product they are offered a discount of 5% on the selling price. †¢ Salary of salesmen : The company has 5 sales persons and they are paid a salary of Rs 3500 each per month. †¢ Carriage outward: To carry the finished goods to the whole sellers , the transportations charge per unit/product is set as Re 1. 24. Assumptions : †¢ The company produces only one product †¢ All raw materials consumed in production of ice cream †¢ The production and sales units are same. †¢ In Valuation of plant, the rate per square feet has been assumed at Rs. 00. †¢ We gave a discount to retailer on 450000 units on bulk purchase. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: The amul ice-creams brand is one of the the top 3 brands . As it’s an Indian brand its popular as a family brand. Its available in all metropolitan cities and is in the reach of middleclass &above middleclass . Its available in many flavours and most of these are Indian flavours –liked by Indians. They are available in various sizes. They are available in reasonable prices. They have launched brands such as sugar free probiotic ice-creams. There are many premium varieties. It’s got good food energy value i. e calories per 100ml-196. 7. WEAKNESS:The durability of amul ice-creams is not really good, it melts very soon. It does not have many outlet centers. Not a famous brand among youngsters who are the main customers of ice-cream. OPPORTUNITI ES: They can come up with new flavours which would be able to attract the youth .They should not restrict themselves to departmental stores infact come with new luxury brands which can be available in hotels and they should come up with their own ice-cream parlours. They should focus more on their advertising and marketing strategies. They should use a strategy similar to what they used in case of butter (Utly butterly girl ). They should come up with offers for purchase of ice-cream in whole market .Offers should run all throughout the year; not only in winters. There should emphasis for special occasions. THREATS : The biggest threat for amul ice-cream industry would be its competitors. Its ranked 3rd in the Indian market . It faces tough competition from the unorganized sector as well. A slight change in the price of the ice-cream would shift its customers to another brand. Foreign players like Baskin- Robbins entering Indian market with new premium brands at feasible prices. [pi c] Bibliography www. amulicecream. in www. google. co. in Annual report of Amul Cost accounting and financial management-Ravi kishore –edition 5 ———————– THREATS OPPORTUNITIES WEAKNESS STRENGTHS

History of News Papers

The StatesmanThe Statesman is one of India's oldest English newspapers. It is a leading English newspaper in West Bengal. It was founded in Kolkata in 1875 and is directly inclined from The Friend of India (founded 1818). The Englishman (founded 1821) was merged with The Statesman in 1934. The Delhi edition of The Statesman began publication in 1931. The Statesman is a founding member of Asia News Network The Statesman has distinguished itself through objective coverage of events, its value as an honest purveyor of news highlighted at times of crisis such as the Bengal Famine of 1943 and the infamous internal Emergency of the mid-1970s. The Statesman succeeded, as the truth must prevail, and remains a favorite of readers in Kolkata and other parts of India. The Statesman is committed to the cause of the environment and supports the use of recycled newsprint.Amrita Bazaar PatrikaIt is the oldest Indian-owned English daily. It played a major role in the evolution and growth of Indian j ournalism and made a striking contribution to creating and nurturing the Indian freedom struggle. In 1920, Lenin described ABP as the best nationalist paper in India. It is born as a Bengali weekly in February 1868 in the village of Amrita Bazaar in Jessore district (now in Bangladesh). It was started by the Ghosh brothers to fight the cause of farmers who were being exploited by navy planters. Kumar Ghosh was the first editor. In 1871, the Patrika moved to Calcutta, due to the outbreak of plague in Amrita Bazaar and functioned as bilingual weekly, publishing news and views in English and Bengali. The Patrika became a daily in 1891. It was the first Indian-owned English daily to go into investigative journalism. The Patrika backed the cause of communal harmony during the Partition of India. During the great Calcutta killings of 1946, the Patrika left its editorial columns blank for three days.Malayalam ManoramaIt was found by Kandathil Varghese Mappillai at Kottayam on March 14th, 1 888 , Manorama has earned the distinction of being the largest regional language  newspaper in India. The name came out of an elite brainstorming the great poets Kerala Varma and Raghavan nambiar . Manorama was sealed on Sept 1938 ,after it reported how the police assaulted and shot people agitating for civil rights . Its Editor K.C Mammen Mappillai was jailed and he walked out of jail two years later. He built Manorama again after the country attained freedom , Today, 125 eventful years later that showcases an almost unparalleled story of courage and conviction, now Mr Mammen Mathew is the The Chief Editor Manorama.LokmatLokmat was founded by a group of Indian freedom fighters, in 1918, from Yavatmal, a town in the state of Maharashtra. In 1952, Lokmat was acquired by, Late Shri Jawaharlal Darda, who was also a freedom fighter. Late Shri Jawaharlal Darda launched Lokmat’s first daily edition on December 15, 1971 from Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is largest read & circulated Mar athi language newspaper. 1973 Lokmat Newspapers Private Limited acquired the Lokmat newspaper . Lokmat Aurangabad started on 9 January 1982. Lokmat Samachar started on 27 July, 1999. And recently 2013 Lokmat Samachar launches its 7th edition from Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.Hindustan times‘Hindustan Times' was founded in 1924 by Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab K. M. Panikkar was its first editor with Devdas Gandhi (son of Mahatma Gandhi) on the editor's panel.Sadar Panikkar launched the Hindustan Times as a serious nationalist newspaper Birla took full control of the paper in 1933. The paper continues to be owned by the Birla family.The Delhi-based English daily Hindustan Times is part of the KK Birla group and managed by Shobhana Bhartia,Rajya Sabha member of Congress party and daughter of the industrialist KK Birla and granddaughter of GD Birla. It is owned by HT Media Ltd.Hindustan DainikIn 1918 Incorp oration Company as The Behar Journals Limited' by individuals including Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Mr. Sachidannand Sinha and Mr. Syed Hassan   Imam, who were the founder Directors Commencement of printing and publication of Hindi daily Pradeep' at Patna. In 1986 it began the printing of Hindi daily Hindustan’ and the English daily Hindustan Times' on behalf of The Hindustan Times Limited' at Patna and termination of printing and publication of the Hindi daily Pradeep'. In 2009 Hindustan Media Ventures Ltd is Acquired of Hindi business‘ from HT Media comprising of Hindi daily newspaper, Hindustan' including Ravivasriya Hindustan'; magazines Nandan' and Kadambini'; and internet portals of the said publications, including all assets, liabilities and employees pertaining to the said Hindi business.Amar UjalaAmar Ujala was started in 18 April 1948 in Agra. It is a Hindi regional daily newspaper in India. Launched at the dawn of Indian independence, the objective of Amar Ujala w as to promote social awakening and introduce a feeling of responsibility among citizens. It circulated in Chandigarh, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and New Delhi. The Amar Ujala motto is â€Å"Saar se vistaar tak† (A complete detailed knowledge.)Anandabazar PatrikaThe paper was founded in 1922 by its inaugural editor Prafulla Kumar Sarkar and the founder proprietor. It comes out as a four/page evening daily. A cartoon strip appears , In 1 923 Anandabazar Patrika becomes a morning daily. It ties up with Reuters, Associated Press and the Free Press of India. A bi-weekly Anandabazar starts for suburban readers. In 1954 Anandabazar Patrika becomes the largest circulated newspaper in the country published from one location, according to the Press Commission report. It is an Indian Bengali language daily newspaper published in Kolkata, New Delhi and Mumbai In September 2010 it entered into a license agreement with ABP Group. Deccan ChronicleDeccan Chronicle Holdings Limited (DCHL) is the publisher of largest circulated English Newspaper in South India – ‘Deccan Chronicle’ with a circulation of over 1.45 Million Copies per day across Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala with Eleven editions from Hyderabad, Vijayawada,  Rajahmundry, Vishakapatnam, Anantapur, Karimnagar, Nellore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Bengaluru and Kochi. The newspaper's name derives from the originating place, the Deccan regions of India.Deccan Chronicle is also published from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The company started its operations in AP as a partnership concern in 1938. The late T Chandrashekar Reddy took over the operations in 1976 after the earlier promoters declared bankruptcy Mr Reddy subsequently handed over the operations to his two sons T Venkattram Reddy and T Vinayak Ravi Reddy , who have been managing its operations since late 1970sIndian ExpressIn 1931, the Indian Express was started by an Ayurvedic doctor, Perumal Varadarajulu Naidu, at Chennai. Soon under financial difficulties, he sold the newspaper to Swaminathan Sadanand, the founder of The Free Press Journal, a national news agency. In 1935, when The Free Press Journal finally collapsed, and after a long and controversial court battle with Goenka, (where blows were exchanged between some of the parties), Sadanand lost ownership of Indian Express. The Indian Express is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. The Indian Express gave India a voice of opinion that was fearless and true. From a single-edition paper in Madras in 1932. The Indian Express grew into a multiple-edition paper influencing thought and policy across the country. At a time when India was struggling for her freedom, oppression was rife and the press virtually gagged, one voice dared to break the silence.Dhina ThanthiIt was founded by S. P. Adithanar, a lawyer trained in Britain and practiced in Singapore, with its first edition from Madu rai in 1942. The publication spread over Tamil Nadu and the neighbouring states of Puducherry and Karnataka. Daily Thanthi became one of the largest Tamil language dailies by circulation within a few years; it has been a leading Tamil daily since the 1960s Dinathanthi has been a tool for the students of Tamil Nadu in securing good marks in their board exams. It is the highest circulated Tamil daily in Bangalore. It issues a book called 10th, +2 Vina Vidai Book, on every Wednesday during the second part of the year.The TelegraphThe Telegraph was launched on the 7th July, 1982, The designer director of Sunday Times, London Edwin Taylor designed the newspaper provided a standard in design and editing published by the ABP group of publications. The Telegraph in its short life span of 26 years has become the largest circulated English daily in the eastern region published from Calcutta. The Telegraph is the only English newspaper launched in post independent India which has overtaken the established market leader in the region.Dainik BhaskarDainik Bhaskar was started in year 1958 from Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. As of 2012,It is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper published by D B Corp Ltd.. It its National Editor is Kalpesh Yagnik who operates from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh . The newspaper was launched in year 1956 to fulfill the need for a Hindi language daily, by the name Subah Savere in Bhopal and Good Morning India in Gwalior in year 1957, it was renamed as Bhaskar Samachar In 1958, it was renamed as Dainik Bhaskar which in 2010Dainik JagranThe genesis for Dainik Jagran was in the year 1942. The year when the freedom struggle of India reached its crescendo and found expression in the â€Å"Quit India movement†. Dainik Jagran was launched during this time with the vision of our founder Shri Puran Chandra Gupta, to â€Å"Create a newspaper that would reflect the free voice of the people†. This vision was as much a reflection of th e time when it was propounded as much as it is relevant to us today. Dainik Jagran is the flagship brand of the company. In today’s dynamic media world, where consumers have an unprecedented array of choices, Dainik Jagran stands out as a brand that is the choice of millions of Indians .Deccan HeraldDeccan Herald is a leading English-language daily newspaper in the Indian state of Karnataka Deccan Herald was started in 1948, with the famous  journalist Pothan Joseph as its founding editor . The heady days just after the nation's independence Mr. Guruswamy had dedicated his life to truth and impartiality and he started The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited and its publications – Deccan Herald, Prajavani, Sudha and Mayura. An institution that has completed 50 glorious years of chronicling the joys and sorrows of the people of Karnataka, India and the world.EenaduEenadu was launched from Vishakhapatnam in 1974 by Ramoji Rao, a businessman with other successful enterpris es,Eenadu is an Indian Telugu-language daily newspaper which is the largest circulated Telugu newspaper in Andhra Pradesh . Initially, the circulation of Eenadu was limited. When launched in the city of Vishakapatnam, it wasn't able to sell more than 3,000 copies a week. Eenadu found itself struggling to become a daily publication ranked amongst other popular rival publications.

An Observation of the Concert Beethovens Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic

An Observation of the Concert Beethoven's Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic I attended the Rhode Island Philharmonic on March 16, to see the concert Beethoven’s Seventh. The concert was nearly full attendance, so probably around 1700 people were there, out of the 2000 possible seats at The Veterans Memorial Auditorium. Most, if not all, of whom seemed to be enjoying it. Samuel Barber’s Second Essay for Orchestra, Op. 17, as well as Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major, were both conducted by Victor Yampolsky. Yampolsky was born in the Soviet Union, to a world-renowned pianist of a father, Vladimir Yampolsky. Before leaving The Soviet Union, Victor studied violin at The Moscow Conservatory, was a member of the Moscow Philharmonic, and earned Bachelor’s Degrees in both conducting and violin performance. Since his emigration in 1973, Victor has held positions at the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Atlantic Symphony Orchestra, Boston University Tanglewood Institute, Boston University School of Music, The National Symphony Orchestra on Johannesburg, and the Chicago Civic Orchestra. The Second Essay for Orchestra was finished on March 15, 1942 by Samuel Barber. It premiered around a month later, April 16, at Carnegie Hall. Barber was born in Westchester Pennsylvania in 1910. Studying piano from the age of six, Barber had written his first composition by the age of seven. He composed a myriad of pieces over his many years composing, dying at the age of 71 in 1981. Though short, The Second Essay was quite enjoyable to hear performed. The rhythm of the piece was consistently dramatic, or grand. On the other hand, The Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1811 and 1812 and consists of four movements. Born in 1770, Beethoven studied music from an early age, moving to Vienna at age twenty-one to study composition. Forty-one years of age at the start of its composition, Beethoven was suffering from headaches and high fevers. Prior to its composition, Beethoven had recently given up conducting in public due to his declining hea lth. The piece itself premiered in December 8, 1813, with Beethoven himself conducting it in Vienna. It was very well received, with the audience demanding an encore for the Allegretto part and Beethoven himself calling it possibly one of his best works. The drama and grandness of the Seventh Symphony often leave an impact on listeners. Allegretto is the favorite of the piece’s four movements, according to popular opinion or a count of demanded encores. That being said, my favorite movements of the performance was the first, Poco Sostenuto Vivace. While it begins slower in the ‘poco sostenuto’ part, it quickly transitions into what is called the ‘vivace’ part. This part of the movement is specifically what I enjoyed, its dancing, progressive rhythms and changes of key were pleasing to listen to.